Hummel T, Whitcroft K L, Andrews P, Altundag A, Cinghi C, Costanzo R M, Damm M, Frasnelli J, Gudziol H, Gupta N, Haehner A, Holbrook E, Hong S C, Hornung D, Hüttenbrink K B, Kamel R, Kobayashi M, Konstantinidis I, Landis B N, Leopold D A, Macchi A, Miwa T, Moesges R, Mullol J, Mueller C A, Ottaviano G, Passali G C, Philpott C, Pinto J M, Ramakrishnan V J, Rombaux P, Roth Y, Schlosser R A, Shu B, Soler G, Stjärne P, Stuck B A, Vodicka J, Welge-Luessen A
Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
UCL Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Rhinology. 2016 Jan 31;56(1):1-30. doi: 10.4193/Rhino16.248.
Olfactory dysfunction is an increasingly recognised condition, associated with reduced quality of life and major health outcomes such as neurodegeneration and death. However, translational research in this field is limited by heterogeneity in methodological approach, including definitions of impairment, improvement and appropriate assessment techniques. Accordingly, effective treatments for smell loss are limited. In an effort to encourage high quality and comparable work in this field, among others, we propose the following ideas and recommendations. Whilst the full set of recommendations are outlined in the main document, points include the following: - Patients with suspected olfactory loss should undergo a full examination of the head and neck, including rigid nasal endoscopy with small diameter endoscopes. - Subjective olfactory assessment should not be undertaken in isolation, given its poor reliability. - Psychophysical assessment tools used in clinical and research settings should include reliable and validated tests of odour threshold, and/or one of odour identification or discrimination. - Comprehensive chemosensory assessment should include gustatory screening. - Smell training can be helpful in patients with olfactory loss of several aetiologies.
We hope the current manuscript will encourage clinicians and researchers to adopt a common language, and in so doing, increase the methodological quality, consistency and generalisability of work in this field.
嗅觉功能障碍是一种日益受到认可的疾病，与生活质量下降以及神经退行性变和死亡等重大健康后果相关。然而，该领域的转化研究受到方法学方法异质性的限制，包括损伤、改善的定义以及适当的评估技术。因此，针对嗅觉丧失的有效治疗方法有限。为鼓励该领域及其他领域开展高质量且具有可比性的研究工作，我们提出以下想法和建议。完整的建议在主要文档中列出，要点如下： - 疑似嗅觉丧失的患者应接受头颈部全面检查，包括使用小直径内窥镜进行硬性鼻内镜检查。 - 鉴于主观嗅觉评估可靠性较差，不应单独进行。 - 临床和研究中使用的心理物理学评估工具应包括可靠且经过验证的气味阈值测试，和/或气味识别或辨别测试之一。 - 全面的化学感觉评估应包括味觉筛查。 - 嗅觉训练对多种病因导致的嗅觉丧失患者可能有帮助。
我们希望当前的文稿能鼓励临床医生和研究人员采用共同的语言，从而提高该领域研究工作的方法学质量、一致性和可推广性。
