Gierczycka Donata, Cronin Duane S
University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2017 Sep;106:173-180. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.017. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
Recent epidemiological studies have identified that thoracic side airbags may vary in efficacy to reduce injury severity in side impact crash scenarios, while previous experimental and epidemiological studies have presented contrasting results. This study aimed to quantify the variations in occupant response in side impact conditions using a human body computational model integrated with a full vehicle model. The model was analyzed for a Moving Deformable Barrier side impact at 61km/h to assess two pre-crash arm positions, the incorporation of a seatbelt, and a thorax air bag on thorax response. The occupant response was evaluated using chest compression, the viscous criterion and thoracic spinal curvature. The arm position accounted for largest changes in the thorax response (106%) compared to the presence of the airbag and seatbelt systems (75%). It was also noted that the results were dependant on the method and location of thorax response measurement and this should be investigated further. Assessment using lateral displacement of the thoracic spine correlated positively with chest compression and Viscous Criterion, with the benefit of evaluating whole thorax response and provides a useful metric to compare occupant response for different side impact safety systems. The thoracic side airbag was found to increase the chest compression for the driving arm position (+70%), and reduced the injury metrics for the vertical arm position (-17%). This study demonstrated the importance of occupant arm position on variability in thoracic response, and provides insight for future design and optimization of side impact safety systems.
近期的流行病学研究表明，在侧面碰撞事故场景中，胸部侧面安全气囊在降低伤害严重程度方面的功效可能存在差异，而此前的实验和流行病学研究结果却相互矛盾。本研究旨在使用整合了整车模型的人体计算模型，量化侧面碰撞条件下乘员响应的差异。对该模型进行了以61公里/小时速度的移动变形壁障侧面碰撞分析，以评估两种碰撞前手臂位置、安全带的使用情况以及胸部安全气囊对胸部响应的影响。通过胸部压缩、粘性标准和胸椎曲率来评估乘员响应。与安全气囊和安全带系统（75%）相比，手臂位置对胸部响应的变化影响最大（106%）。还注意到，结果取决于胸部响应测量的方法和位置，对此应进一步研究。使用胸椎横向位移进行的评估与胸部压缩和粘性标准呈正相关，其优点是能评估整个胸部响应，并为比较不同侧面碰撞安全系统的乘员响应提供了一个有用的指标。发现胸部侧面安全气囊会使驾驶手臂位置的胸部压缩增加（+70%），而使垂直手臂位置的伤害指标降低（-17%）。本研究证明了乘员手臂位置对胸部响应变异性的重要性，并为未来侧面碰撞安全系统的设计和优化提供了见解。
