Gierczycka Donata, Cronin Duane
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
J Biomech. 2018 Jun 25;75:53-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.04.044. Epub 2018 May 4.
Side impact crashes contribute a significant number of fatal injuries (25% of road fatalities in the USA in 2016), with severe thoracic injuries diagnosed in 58% of front near-side impact occupants. Epidemiological data indicate that thoracic-only side airbags (tSABs) are not as effective as laboratory testing has suggested, and one of the reasons for this may be the use of surrogate-specific injury assessment methods, which are not directly transferable between Anthropometric Test Devices (ATDs) and Post-Mortem Human Surrogates (PMHSs). This study examines the effect of the thorax deformation measurement location and method on the predicted performance of seatbelts and tSABs in a side impact using a Human Body Model (HBM). The HBM was integrated in a vehicle and subjected to a Moving Deformable Barrier (MDB) impact at 61 km/h, with four restraint configurations: belted and unbelted, with and without a tSAB. Occupant response was assessed through chest band (CB) deformation, and as a change in distance between markers on the ribs. Multiple measurement locations in the HBM enabled direct comparison between the methods. The CB method indicated a 35% increase of chest compression due to tSAB; the rib-deflection (RD) method was not sensitive to the tSAB. The RD method predicted a 20% reduction of chest compression due to the seatbelt, but the CB-measured change was negligible. This study highlights the importance of measurement method on the response outcome and demonstrates that different outcomes may be predicted using a HBM for the same impact scenario, depending on the measurement method.
侧面碰撞事故导致大量致命伤害（2016年在美国道路死亡事故中占25%），在58%的前排近侧碰撞驾乘人员中诊断出严重胸部损伤。流行病学数据表明，仅用于胸部的侧面安全气囊（tSABs）并不像实验室测试显示的那样有效，原因之一可能是使用了特定于替代物的损伤评估方法，这些方法在人体测量试验装置（ATD）和尸体人类替代物（PMHS）之间不能直接转换。本研究使用人体模型（HBM）研究了胸部变形测量位置和方法对侧面碰撞中安全带和tSABs预测性能的影响。将HBM集成到车辆中，并以61公里/小时的速度使其受到移动变形壁障（MDB）的撞击，有四种约束配置：系安全带和不系安全带，有和没有tSAB。通过胸部束带（CB）变形以及肋骨上标记之间距离的变化来评估驾乘人员的反应。HBM中的多个测量位置使得能够直接比较这些方法。CB方法表明，由于tSAB，胸部压缩增加了35%；肋骨偏转（RD）方法对tSAB不敏感。RD方法预测由于安全带胸部压缩减少20%，但CB测量的变化可以忽略不计。本研究强调了测量方法对反应结果的重要性，并表明对于相同的碰撞场景，使用HBM根据测量方法的不同可能预测出不同的结果。
