Keller Kristin, Rodríguez López Santiago, Carmenate Moreno Margarita
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Nutr Hosp. 2017 Jun 5;34(3):654-660. doi: 10.20960/nh.487.
Eating frequency has been suggested to modify blood pressure. Yet, the results are inconclusive, possibly because eating frequency, particularly meal intake behavior (MIB), does not differentiate between meals and snacks. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the association between more specific MIBs, like the consumption of the three main meals, the intake of forenoon and afternoon meals and snacking between the regular meals, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP).
This cross-sectional study includes 1,314 Spanish adults aged 20-79 years. Data collection occurred during cardiovascular health day events organized in four Spanish cities (Madrid, Las Palmas, Seville and Valencia) in 2008. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the independent association between the mentioned MIBs and SBP/DBP, controlling for several confounders in multiples models.
After adjusting for sex, age and individual risk factors, having an afternoon meal was associated with lower SBP (ß -3.91, 95% CI [-6.33, -1.49]) and DBP (ß -2.35, 95% CI [-3.76, -0.94]). This association was attenuated when introducing dietary intake and waist circumference in the predictive models (SBP: ß -2.83, 95% CI [-5.25, -0.40]; DBP: ß -1.67, 95% CI [-3.04, -0.31]), although it still remained significant. None of the other investigated MIBs showed any associations with SBP/DBP.
This study suggests that SBP/DBP might be reduced by the intake of an afternoon meal. However, population-based prospective studies are needed in order to confirm the consequences of the investigated associations on health.
有研究表明进食频率会影响血压。然而，研究结果尚无定论，这可能是因为进食频率，尤其是进餐摄入行为（MIB），并未区分正餐和零食。因此，本研究旨在探讨更具体的进餐摄入行为，如三餐的食用情况、上午和下午餐食的摄入以及正餐之间的零食摄入，与收缩压/舒张压（SBP/DBP）之间的关联。
本横断面研究纳入了1314名年龄在20 - 79岁之间的西班牙成年人。数据收集于2008年在西班牙四个城市（马德里、拉斯帕尔马斯、塞维利亚和巴伦西亚）组织的心血管健康日活动期间进行。采用线性回归分析来评估上述进餐摄入行为与收缩压/舒张压之间的独立关联，并在多个模型中控制了几个混杂因素。
在调整性别、年龄和个体风险因素后，食用下午餐与较低的收缩压（β -3.91，95%置信区间[-6.33，-1.49]）和舒张压（β -2.35，95%置信区间[-3.76，-0.94]）相关。当在预测模型中引入饮食摄入量和腰围时，这种关联减弱（收缩压：β -2.83，95%置信区间[-5.25，-0.40]；舒张压：β -1.67，95%置信区间[-3.04，-0.31]），但仍然显著。其他研究的进餐摄入行为均未显示与收缩压/舒张压有任何关联。
本研究表明，食用下午餐可能会降低收缩压/舒张压。然而，需要基于人群的前瞻性研究来证实所研究的关联对健康的影响。
