Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, 3216, Australia.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Aug;58(5):1899-1909. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1741-y. Epub 2018 Jun 6.
Eating patterns have been linked to obesity, an established risk factor for hypertension; however, their contribution to hypertension is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine associations of frequency of meals, snacks and all eating occasions (EO), and temporal eating patterns, with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension.
Dietary data collected via two 24-h recalls during the 2011-2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 4482 adults, ≥ 19 years) were analysed. Frequencies of EO, meals, and snacks were calculated. Temporal eating patterns were determined using latent class analysis. Multivariate regression models assessed associations of eating patterns with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and hypertension prevalence.
Among men, a higher snack frequency was inversely associated with DBP [β = - 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) (- 1.12, - 0.07)] and hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 0.86, 95% CI (0.75, 0.98)] after adjustment for covariates and BMI. However, these associations disappeared after additional adjustment for total energy intake and overall diet quality. Among women, a temporal eating pattern characterized by a later "lunch" meal was associated with SBP [β = 2.45, 95% CI (0.05, 4.84)], DBP [β = 1.69, 95% CI (0.25, 3.13)], and hypertension [OR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.00, 2.22)], when compared to a "conventional" eating pattern.
In this study, an inverse association found between snack frequency and BP among men disappeared after adjustment for dietary factors and a "later lunch" pattern was associated with higher BP in women. Future research is needed to understand the relationship and potential mechanistic pathways between eating patterns and BP.
饮食模式与肥胖有关，肥胖是高血压的一个既定危险因素；然而，人们对饮食模式与高血压的关系知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨进食频率、零食和所有进食次数（EO）以及时间性进食模式与血压（BP）和高血压的关系。
对 2011-2012 年澳大利亚国家营养和身体活动调查（n=4482 名成年人，年龄≥19 岁）期间两次 24 小时回顾收集的饮食数据进行分析。计算 EO、餐和零食的频率。使用潜在类别分析确定时间性进食模式。多变量回归模型评估了进食模式与收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和高血压患病率的关系。
在男性中，调整了协变量和 BMI 后，较高的零食频率与 DBP 呈负相关[β=-0.59，95%置信区间（CI）（-1.12，-0.07）]和高血压[比值比（OR）0.86，95% CI（0.75，0.98）]。然而，这些关联在进一步调整总能量摄入和整体饮食质量后消失。在女性中，与“传统”进食模式相比，一种以较晚“午餐”时间为特征的时间性进食模式与 SBP[β=2.45，95% CI（0.05，4.84）]、DBP[β=1.69，95% CI（0.25，3.13）]和高血压[OR=1.49，95% CI（1.00，2.22）]相关。
在这项研究中，男性中零食频率与 BP 之间的负相关在调整饮食因素后消失，而女性中“较晚午餐”模式与较高的 BP 相关。需要进一步研究来了解饮食模式与 BP 之间的关系和潜在的机制途径。
