Hausser Angelika, Schlett Katalin
Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany.
Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany.
Small GTPases. 2019 Nov;10(6):419-432. doi: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1337546. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
Synaptic connections in the brain are continuously weakened or strengthened in response to changes in neuronal activity. This process, known as synaptic plasticity, is the cellular basis for learning and memory, and is thought to be altered in several neuronal disorders. An important aspect of synaptic plasticity is the tightly controlled trafficking and synaptic targeting of the AMPA-type glutamate receptors, which are the major mediators of fast excitatory transmission in the brain. This review addresses the role of Rab GTPases in AMPA receptor trafficking in neurons under basal conditions and during activity-induced synaptic plasticity, especially during long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). We highlight the importance of the tight spatio-temporal control of Rab activity and suggest that this is critical for proper neuronal functions. We also discuss how abnormal AMPA receptor trafficking and malfunctioning of Rabs can lead to neurologic disorders or memory problems.
大脑中的突触连接会根据神经元活动的变化不断减弱或增强。这一过程称为突触可塑性，是学习和记忆的细胞基础，并且被认为在几种神经元疾病中会发生改变。突触可塑性的一个重要方面是对AMPA型谷氨酸受体进行严格控制的运输和突触靶向，AMPA型谷氨酸受体是大脑中快速兴奋性传递的主要介质。本综述探讨了Rab GTPases在基础条件下以及在活动诱导的突触可塑性期间，尤其是在长时程增强（LTP）和长时程抑制（LTD）期间，在神经元中AMPA受体运输中的作用。我们强调了对Rab活性进行严格时空控制的重要性，并表明这对正常的神经元功能至关重要。我们还讨论了异常的AMPA受体运输和Rab功能异常如何导致神经系统疾病或记忆问题。
