Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 15;603-604:268-278. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.062. Epub 2017 Jun 17.
Bushfires produce many toxic pollutants and the smoke has been shown to have negative effects on human health, especially to the respiratory system. Bushfires are predicted to increase in size and frequency, leading to a greater incidence of smoke and impacts. While there are many epidemiological studies of the potential impact on populations, there are few studies using in vitro methods to investigate the biological effects of bushfire emissions to better understand its toxicity and significance. This review focused on the literature pertaining to in vitro toxicity testing to determine the state of knowledge on current methods and findings on the impacts of bushfire smoke. There was a considerable variation in the experimental conditions, outcomes and test concentrations used by researchers using in vitro methods. Of the studies reviewed, most reported adverse impacts of particulate matter (PM) on cytotoxic and genotoxic responses. Studies on whole smoke were rare. Finer primary particulates from bushfire smoke were generally found to be more toxic than the coarse particulates and the toxicological endpoints of bushfire PM different to ambient PM. However the variation in study designs and experimental conditions made comparisons difficult. This review highlights the need for standard protocols to enable appropriate comparisons between studies to be undertaken including the assessment of physiologically relevant outcomes. Further work is essential to establish the effect of burning different vegetation types and combustion conditions on the toxicity of bushfire emissions to better inform both health and response agencies on the significance of smoke from bushfires.
林火产生许多有毒污染物，且其烟雾已被证实对人类健康具有负面影响，尤其对呼吸系统的影响。林火的规模和频率预计会增加，从而导致烟雾和影响的发生率更高。尽管有许多流行病学研究探讨了林火烟雾对人群的潜在影响，但使用体外方法研究林火排放物的生物效应以更好地了解其毒性和意义的研究却很少。本综述重点关注了有关体外毒性测试的文献，以确定目前关于林火烟雾毒性及其意义的知识状况。使用体外方法的研究人员的实验条件、结果和测试浓度存在相当大的差异。在综述的研究中，大多数报告了颗粒物 (PM) 对细胞毒性和遗传毒性反应的不良影响。对全烟雾的研究很少。通常发现林火烟雾中的初级细颗粒物比粗颗粒物更具毒性，林火 PM 的毒理学终点与环境 PM 不同。然而，研究设计和实验条件的差异使得比较变得困难。本综述强调需要制定标准协议，以便能够在研究之间进行适当的比较，包括评估与生理相关的结果。进一步的工作对于确定燃烧不同植被类型和燃烧条件对林火排放物毒性的影响至关重要，以便为健康和应对机构提供更好的信息，了解林火烟雾的重要性。
