Rachel & Menachem Mendelovitch Evolutionary Processes of Mutation & Natural Selection Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
Trends Genet. 2017 Aug;33(8):521-528. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.05.003. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
Antibiotic usage selects for the accumulation and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, resistance can also accumulate in the absence of antibiotic exposure. Antibiotics are often designed to target widely distributed regulatory housekeeping genes. The targeting of such genes enables these antibiotics to be useful against a wider variety of pathogens. This review highlights work suggesting that regulatory housekeeping genes of the type targeted by many antibiotics function as hubs of adaptation to conditions unrelated to antibiotic exposure. As a result of this, some mutations to the regulatory housekeeping gene targets of antibiotics confer both antibiotic resistance and an adaptive effect unrelated to antibiotic exposure. Such antibiotic-independent adaptive effects of resistance mutations may substantially affect the dynamics of antibiotic resistance accumulation and spread.
抗生素的使用导致了抗生素耐药菌的积累和传播。然而，即使没有抗生素暴露，耐药性也可能积累。抗生素通常被设计用来靶向广泛分布的调节管家基因。靶向这些基因使这些抗生素对更广泛的病原体有效。这篇综述强调了一些工作，这些工作表明，许多抗生素靶向的调节管家基因作为适应与抗生素暴露无关的条件的枢纽。因此，抗生素靶标调节管家基因的某些突变既赋予抗生素耐药性，又赋予与抗生素暴露无关的适应性效应。这种耐药突变的抗生素非依赖性适应性效应可能会显著影响抗生素耐药性积累和传播的动态。
