Baquero F, Negri M C, Morosini M I, Blázquez J
Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, National Institute of Health (INSALUD), Madrid, Spain.
Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Aug;27 Suppl 1:S5-11. doi: 10.1086/514916.
The evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance depends on the antibiotic pressure exerted in the microbial environment. Selective effects occur in selective compartments, where particular antibiotic concentrations result in a differential growth rate of resistant bacterial variants. This may happen even at very low antibiotic concentrations able to select low-level-resistant bacteria. When more than one antibiotic is present in the environment, the multiple and fluctuating pressure produces the selection of bacterial variants that use multiple or multipurpose mechanisms or optimize a single mechanism of resistance to survive under the variable environmental conditions. Host factors such as immunity contribute to the selective process. Antibiotics themselves may promote bacterial diversity, either mediated by the random drift effect or triggering the increase of mutational events under bacterial stress. Analysis of selective environment-related antibiotic-host-bacteria interactions is essential to understanding the biology of antibiotic resistance.
抗生素耐药性的演变和传播取决于微生物环境中施加的抗生素压力。选择性效应发生在选择性区室中，特定的抗生素浓度会导致耐药细菌变体的生长速率出现差异。即使在能够选择低水平耐药细菌的非常低的抗生素浓度下，这种情况也可能发生。当环境中存在不止一种抗生素时，多重且波动的压力会导致选择出利用多种或多用途机制或优化单一耐药机制以在可变环境条件下存活的细菌变体。诸如免疫力等宿主因素也有助于这一选择过程。抗生素本身可能会促进细菌多样性，这要么是由随机漂变效应介导，要么是在细菌应激状态下引发突变事件的增加。分析与选择性环境相关的抗生素 - 宿主 - 细菌相互作用对于理解抗生素耐药性的生物学机制至关重要。
