Hamm Julian, Money Arthur, Atwal Anita
Department of Computer Science, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom.
School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, LONDON, United Kingdom.
JMIR Hum Factors. 2017 Jun 19;4(2):e15. doi: 10.2196/humanfactors.7161.
In the field of occupational therapy, the assistive equipment provision process (AEPP) is a prominent preventive strategy used to promote independent living and to identify and alleviate fall risk factors via the provision of assistive equipment within the home environment. Current practice involves the use of paper-based forms that include 2D measurement guidance diagrams that aim to communicate the precise points and dimensions that must be measured in order to make AEPP assessments. There are, however, issues such as "poor fit" of equipment due to inaccurate measurements taken and recorded, resulting in more than 50% of equipment installed within the home being abandoned by patients. This paper presents a novel 3D measurement aid prototype (3D-MAP) that provides enhanced measurement and assessment guidance to patients via the use of 3D visualization technologies.
The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of older adults with regard to the barriers and opportunities of using the 3D-MAP application as a tool that enables patient self-delivery of the AEPP.
Thirty-three community-dwelling older adults participated in interactive sessions with a bespoke 3D-MAP application utilizing the retrospective think-aloud protocol and semistructured focus group discussions. The system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire was used to evaluate the application's usability. Thematic template analysis was carried out on the SUS item discussions, think-aloud, and semistructured focus group data.
The quantitative SUS results revealed that the application may be described as having "marginal-high" and "good" levels of usability, along with strong agreement with items relating to the usability (P=.004) and learnability (P<.001) of the application. Four high-level themes emerged from think-aloud and focus groups discussions: (1) perceived usefulness (PU), (2) perceived ease of use (PEOU), (3) application use (AU) and (4) self-assessment (SA). The application was seen as a useful tool to enhance visualization of measurement guidance and also to promote independent living, ownership of care, and potentially reduce waiting times. Several design and functionality recommendations emerged from the study, such as a need to manipulate the view and position of the 3D furniture models, and a need for clearer visual prompts and alternative keyboard interface for measurement entry.
Participants perceived the 3D-MAP application as a useful tool that has the potential to make significant improvements to the AEPP, not only in terms of accuracy of measurement, but also by potentially enabling older adult patients to carry out the data collection element of the AEPP themselves. Further research is needed to further adapt the 3D-MAP application in line with the study outcomes and to establish its clinical utility with regards to effectiveness, efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of measurements that are recorded using the application and to compare it with 2D measurement guidance leaflets.
在职业治疗领域，辅助设备提供流程（AEPP）是一种重要的预防策略，用于促进独立生活，并通过在家庭环境中提供辅助设备来识别和减轻跌倒风险因素。目前的做法是使用纸质表格，其中包括二维测量指导图，旨在传达为进行AEPP评估而必须测量的精确点和尺寸。然而，由于测量和记录不准确，存在设备“贴合度差”等问题，导致家中安装的设备超过50%被患者弃用。本文提出了一种新型的三维测量辅助原型（3D-MAP），通过使用三维可视化技术为患者提供增强的测量和评估指导。
本研究的目的是探讨老年人对使用3D-MAP应用程序作为一种能够实现患者自我实施AEPP的工具的障碍和机会的看法。
33名社区居住的老年人参与了与定制的3D-MAP应用程序的互动环节，采用回顾性出声思考协议和半结构化焦点小组讨论。系统可用性量表（SUS）问卷用于评估该应用程序的可用性。对SUS项目讨论、出声思考和半结构化焦点小组数据进行了主题模板分析。
SUS的定量结果显示，该应用程序可被描述为具有“边缘高”和“良好”的可用性水平，并且与该应用程序的可用性（P = 0.004）和易学性（P < 0.001）相关的项目高度一致。出声思考和焦点小组讨论中出现了四个高层次主题：（1）感知有用性（PU），（2）感知易用性（PEOU），（3）应用使用（AU）和（4）自我评估（SA）。该应用程序被视为一种有用的工具，可以增强测量指导的可视化，还可以促进独立生活、护理自主性，并可能减少等待时间。该研究提出了一些设计和功能建议，例如需要操纵三维家具模型的视图和位置，以及需要更清晰的视觉提示和用于测量输入的替代键盘界面。
参与者认为3D-MAP应用程序是一种有用的工具，有可能对AEPP做出重大改进，不仅在测量准确性方面，而且有可能使老年患者自己进行AEPP的数据收集工作。需要进一步研究以根据研究结果进一步调整3D-MAP应用程序，并确定其在使用该应用程序记录的测量的有效性、效率、准确性和可靠性方面的临床效用，并将其与二维测量指导手册进行比较。
