Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018 Jan 2;8(1):a027086. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027086.
Over the last century, scientists have embraced the idea of mobilizing antitumor immune responses in patients with cancer. In the last decade, we have seen the rebirth of cancer immunotherapy and its validation in a series of high profile clinical trials following the discovery of several immune-regulatory receptors. Recent studies point toward the tumor mutational load and resulting neoantigen burden as being crucial to tumor cell recognition by the immune system, highlighting a potentially targetable Achilles' heel in cancer. In this review, we explore the key mechanisms that underpin the recognition of cancerous cells by the immune system and discuss how we may advance immunotherapeutic strategies to target the cancer mutanome to stimulate tumor-specific immune responses, ultimately, to improve the clinical outcome for patients with cancer.
在过去的一个世纪里，科学家们一直致力于在癌症患者中调动抗肿瘤免疫反应。在过去的十年中，我们看到了癌症免疫疗法的复兴，并在发现了几种免疫调节受体后，在一系列备受瞩目的临床试验中得到了验证。最近的研究表明，肿瘤突变负荷和由此产生的新抗原负担对于免疫系统识别肿瘤细胞至关重要，这凸显了癌症中一个潜在的可靶向的阿喀琉斯之踵。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了免疫系统识别癌细胞的关键机制，并讨论了如何推进免疫治疗策略，以靶向癌症突变组来刺激肿瘤特异性免疫反应，最终改善癌症患者的临床结果。
