Graney Joseph R, Landis Matthew S, Puckett Keith J, Studabaker William B, Edgerton Eric S, Legge Allan H, Percy Kevin E
Department of Geological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
Integrated Atmospheric Solutions, LLC, Cary, NC, USA.
Chemosphere. 2017 Oct;184:700-710. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.036. Epub 2017 Jun 10.
A 2014 case study investigated the relative accumulation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total sulfur (S), total nitrogen (N), major and minor elements and Pb isotopes in five common lichen species at three boreal forest sites in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) in northeastern Alberta, Canada to identify the optimum lichen species for future biomonitoring. Differences in concentrations of PAHs, multiple elements, and Pb isotopes in fruticose (Bryoria furcellata, Cladina mitis, Evernia mesomorpha) and foliose (Hypogymnia physodes and Tuckermannopsis americana) lichens were found along a 100 km distance gradient from the primary oil sands operations. Integration of insights from emission source samples and oil sands mineralogy in consort with aerosol collection indicates incorporation of more fine particulate matter (PM) into foliose than fruticose lichen biomass. Contrasting PAH with element concentrations allowed lichen species specific accumulation patterns to be identified. The ability of lichen species to incorporate different amounts of gas phase (S and N), petrogenic (V, Ni, Mo), clay (low Si/Al and more rare earth elements), and sand (higher Si/Al and Ti) components from the oil sand operations reflects aerosol particle size and lichen physiology differences that translate into differences in PM transport distances and lichen accumulation efficiencies. Based on these findings Hypogymnia physodes is recommended for future PAH biomonitoring and source attribution studies.
2014年的一项案例研究调查了加拿大艾伯塔省东北部阿萨巴斯卡油砂地区（AOSR）三个北方森林站点的五种常见地衣物种中多环芳烃（PAHs）、总硫（S）、总氮（N）、主要和次要元素以及铅同位素的相对积累效率，以确定未来生物监测的最佳地衣物种。在距主要油砂作业100公里的距离梯度上，发现了枝状地衣（叉状冰岛衣、柔扁枝衣、中扁叶衣）和叶状地衣（厚皮叶苔、美洲塔氏地衣）中多环芳烃、多种元素和铅同位素浓度的差异。将排放源样本和油砂矿物学的见解与气溶胶收集相结合表明，与枝状地衣生物量相比，叶状地衣中纳入了更多的细颗粒物（PM）。将多环芳烃与元素浓度进行对比，能够识别地衣物种特定的积累模式。地衣物种从油砂作业中吸收不同量的气相成分（S和N）、成岩成分（V、Ni、Mo）、粘土成分（低硅铝比和更多稀土元素）和砂成分（高硅铝比和Ti）的能力反映了气溶胶粒径和地衣生理学差异，这些差异转化为细颗粒物传输距离和地衣积累效率的差异。基于这些发现，推荐厚皮叶苔用于未来的多环芳烃生物监测和源归因研究。
