Environmental Forensic and Landscape Chemistry Research Group, Desertification Research Centre - CIDE, (Spanish Council for Scientific Research, University of Valencia, Generalitat Valenciana), Carretera Moncada - Náquera km 4.5 (Campus IVIA), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA - UV), Desertification Research Centre - CIDE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 15;603-604:330-339. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Jun 23.
Forest fires can be a source of contamination because, among others, of the use of chemicals to their extinction (flame retardants, FRs), or by the production of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from high temperature alteration of organic matter. Up to our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the direct (PAHs 16 on the USA EPA's priority list), and indirect [tri- to hepta- brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)] contamination related to forest fires. The abundance and distribution of these contaminants were monitored on two Mediterranean hillslopes, one burned and one unburned, near Azuébar (SE Spain). Samples were taken in the foot, middle, and top of the slope, at two depths, and in two environments (under canopy and bare soil). Sediments were collected from sediment fences after erosive rainfall events. Most of the screened compounds were found in both, burned and control hillslopes, though significant differences were found between both. In burned soil, low concentrations of PBDEs (maximum ΣPBDEs: 7.3ngg), PFRs (664.4ngg) and PFASs (56.4ngg) were detected in relation to PAHs (Σ16 PAHs=1255.3ngg). No significant influence of the hillslope position was observed for any of the contaminants but differences based on depth and vegetation presence tended to be significant, particularly for the PAHs. After the first erosive event, concentrations of PBDEs and PAHs were higher in sediment than in soil (ΣPBDEs: 17.8ngg and Σ16 PAHs=3154.2ngg) pointing out the importance of connectivity processes, especially shortly after fire.
森林火灾可能成为污染的源头，这主要是因为火灾中使用了化学物质来灭火（阻燃剂，FR），或者是由于高温导致有机物质发生变化而产生多环芳烃（PAHs）。据我们所知，这项研究首次评估了与森林火灾直接相关的污染（美国环保署优先清单中的 16 种多环芳烃）和间接相关的污染[三至七溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、有机磷阻燃剂（PFRs）和全氟烷基物质（PFASs）]。在西班牙东南部阿祖埃巴尔（Azuébar）附近的两个地中海山坡上，监测了这些污染物的丰度和分布情况，一个山坡发生了火灾，另一个山坡未发生火灾。在山坡的底部、中部和顶部，以及两个环境（树冠下和裸土）的两个深度采集了样本。侵蚀性降雨事件后，从泥沙防护堤中收集了沉积物样本。在所筛选的化合物中，大部分在燃烧和对照山坡上都有发现，尽管两者之间存在显著差异。在燃烧的土壤中，检测到低浓度的 PBDEs（最大ΣPBDEs：7.3ng/g）、PFRs（664.4ng/g）和 PFASs（56.4ng/g）与 PAHs（Σ16 PAHs=1255.3ng/g）相关。任何污染物都没有表现出明显的山坡位置影响，但基于深度和植被存在的差异往往具有显著意义，尤其是对 PAHs 而言。在第一次侵蚀性事件后，沉积物中的 PBDEs 和 PAHs 浓度高于土壤中的浓度（ΣPBDEs：17.8ng/g 和 Σ16 PAHs=3154.2ng/g），这表明了连通性过程的重要性，特别是在火灾后不久。
