Centre for Fire and Hazards Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
Centre for Fire and Hazards Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
Chemosphere. 2019 Jul;226:576-586. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.153. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
The Grenfell Tower fire in central London, started within a flat, engulfed the whole 24 storey building in flames, killed 72 people and spread toxic effluent via the plume and particulate deposits. Soil samples from 6 locations up to 1,2 km from the Tower, together with semi-burnt fire debris and char samples, were collected 1 and 6 months after the fire. Additionally, dust samples and condensates were collected from a flat 160 m away from the Tower after 17 months. Samples were analysed for common potentially toxic components of fire effluents and synthetic vitreous fibres. Samples collected within 140 m of the Tower showed, amongst other toxicants, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin concentrations 60 times greater than UK urban reference soil levels; benzene levels were 40 times greater; levels of 6 key polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were approximately 160 times greater. PAHs levels are approximately 20 times greater than those reported from nearby Hyde Park before the fire. To explain the presence of these pyrogenic contaminants char and partially burnt debris were also collected and analysed. Benzene, PAHs, isocyanates and phosphorus flame retardants were found. Hydrogen cyanide and synthetic vitreous fibres were present in both soil and debris. Particulate and pyrogenic contamination in the immediate vicinity is clearly evident, and may have leached out of fire debris, char and dust. Further analysis of the area around the Tower is necessary to understand potential health risks.
伦敦市中心的格伦费尔塔火灾始于一个公寓单元，大火迅速吞噬了这座 24 层的建筑，导致 72 人死亡，有毒物质通过羽流和颗粒状沉积物扩散。火灾发生 1 个月和 6 个月后，在距离塔楼 6 个地点，最远达 1.2 公里处采集了土壤样本，以及部分烧焦的火灾残骸和焦碳样本。火灾发生 17 个月后，在距离塔楼 160 米远的公寓内采集了灰尘样本和冷凝物。对这些样本进行了分析，以检测火灾废气和合成玻璃纤维中的常见潜在有毒成分。在距离塔楼 140 米范围内的样本中，除其他有毒物质外，还检测到多氯二苯并对二恶英浓度比英国城市参考土壤水平高 60 倍；苯的浓度高 40 倍；6 种关键多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度约高 160 倍。PAHs 水平比火灾前附近海德公园报道的水平高约 20 倍。为了解释这些热解污染物的存在，还收集和分析了焦碳和部分烧焦的残骸。在这些残骸中发现了苯、多环芳烃、异氰酸酯和磷系阻燃剂。在土壤和残骸中均存在氰化氢和合成玻璃纤维。在附近地区明显存在颗粒状和热解污染，可能已经从火灾残骸、焦碳和灰尘中浸出。有必要对塔楼周围区域进行进一步分析，以了解潜在的健康风险。
