Dagdeviren Canan, Li Zhou, Wang Zhong Lin
Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; email:
Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2017 Jun 21;19:85-108. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044517.
Living subjects (i.e., humans and animals) have abundant sources of energy in chemical, thermal, and mechanical forms. The use of these energies presents a viable way to overcome the battery capacity limitation that constrains the long-term operation of wearable/implantable devices. The intersection of novel materials and fabrication techniques offers boundless possibilities for the benefit of human health and well-being via various types of energy harvesters. This review summarizes the existing approaches that have been demonstrated to harvest energy from the bodies of living subjects for self-powered electronics. We present material choices, device layouts, and operation principles of these energy harvesters with a focus on in vivo applications. We discuss a broad range of energy harvesters placed in or on various body parts of human and animal models. We conclude with an outlook of future research in which the integration of various energy harvesters with advanced electronics can provide a new platform for the development of novel technologies for disease diagnostics, treatment, and prevention.
活体（即人类和动物）拥有化学、热和机械形式的丰富能量来源。利用这些能量为克服限制可穿戴/植入式设备长期运行的电池容量限制提供了一种可行的方法。新型材料与制造技术的交叉融合通过各种类型的能量收集器为人类健康和福祉带来了无限可能。本综述总结了已被证明可从活体获取能量用于自供电电子设备的现有方法。我们介绍了这些能量收集器的材料选择、器件布局和工作原理，重点关注体内应用。我们讨论了放置在人类和动物模型各种身体部位内部或之上的广泛能量收集器。我们最后展望了未来的研究，其中各种能量收集器与先进电子设备的集成可为疾病诊断、治疗和预防新技术的开发提供一个新平台。
