Hanlon Faith M, Dodd Andrew B, Ling Josef M, Bustillo Juan R, Abbott Christopher C, Mayer Andrew R
The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, AlbuquerqueNM, United States.
Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, AlbuquerqueNM, United States.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Jun 6;11:293. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00293. eCollection 2017.
Successful adaptive behavior relies on the ability to automatically (bottom-up) orient attention to different locations in the environment. This results in a biphasic pattern in which reaction times (RT) are faster for stimuli that occur in the same spatial location (valid) for the first few hundred milliseconds, which is termed facilitation. This is followed by faster RT for stimuli that appear in novel locations (invalid) after longer delays, termed inhibition of return. The neuronal areas and networks involved in the transition between states of facilitation and inhibition remain poorly understood, especially for auditory stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were therefore collected in a large sample of healthy volunteers ( = 52) at four separate auditory stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; 200, 400, 600, and 800 ms). Behavioral results indicated that facilitation (valid RT < invalid RT) occurred at the 200 ms SOA, with inhibition of return (valid RT > invalid RT) present at the three longer SOAs. fMRI results showed several brain areas varying their activation as a function of SOA, including bilateral superior temporal gyrus, anterior thalamus, cuneus, dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus, and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC)/anterior insula. Right VLPFC was active during a behavioral state of facilitation, and its activation (invalid - valid trials) further correlated with behavioral reorienting at the 200 ms delay. These results suggest that right VLPFC plays a critical role when auditory attention must be quickly deployed or redeployed, demanding heightened cognitive and inhibitory control. In contrast to previous work, the ventral and dorsal frontoparietal attention networks were both active during valid and invalid trials across SOAs. These results suggest that the dorsal and ventral networks may not be as specialized during bottom-up auditory orienting as has been previously reported during visual orienting.
成功的适应性行为依赖于自动（自下而上）将注意力导向环境中不同位置的能力。这会产生一种双相模式，即对于在最初几百毫秒内出现在相同空间位置（有效）的刺激，反应时间（RT）更快，这被称为易化。随后，在更长延迟后出现在新位置（无效）的刺激的RT更快，这被称为返回抑制。对于易化和抑制状态之间转换所涉及的神经区域和网络，人们仍然了解甚少，尤其是对于听觉刺激。因此，在一大群健康志愿者（n = 52）中，在四个不同的听觉刺激起始异步时间（SOA；200、400、600和800毫秒）收集了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据。行为结果表明，在200毫秒的SOA时出现易化（有效RT < 无效RT），而在三个更长的SOA时出现返回抑制（有效RT > 无效RT）。fMRI结果显示，有几个脑区的激活随SOA而变化，包括双侧颞上回、丘脑前核、楔叶、背侧前扣带回和右侧腹外侧前额叶皮层（VLPFC）/前岛叶。右侧VLPFC在易化的行为状态期间活跃，其激活（无效 - 有效试验）在200毫秒延迟时进一步与行为重新定向相关。这些结果表明，当必须快速部署或重新部署听觉注意力时，右侧VLPFC起着关键作用，这需要增强的认知和抑制控制。与先前的研究不同，腹侧和背侧额顶叶注意力网络在整个SOA的有效和无效试验期间均活跃。这些结果表明，在自下而上的听觉定向过程中，背侧和腹侧网络可能不像先前在视觉定向过程中所报道的那样具有特异性。
