Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta 36km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Aug;24(22):18179-18187. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9479-2. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
Little attention has been paid to the impact of wastewater generated by mining activities on fluoride. In this study, we evaluated the hematology responses of common South American toad Rhinella arenarum inhabiting natural and artificial environments associated with a fluorite mine from central Argentina. We analyzed three sampling stations associated with the fluorite mine: (I) Los Cerros Negros stream (CN), which runs on granitic rock with a high fluorite content; (II) Los Vallecitos stream (LV), which runs on metamorphic rock with low fluorite content; and (III) artificial decantation ponds (DP) containing sediments produced by fluorite flotation process. We calculated frequencies of micronuclei, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities, mitosis, and immature erythrocytes. In addition, we performed a differential leukocyte count and determined neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio as a stress response estimator. We found high micronucleus (MN) and erythrocyte nuclear abnormality (ENA) frequencies in DP and CN but low frequencies in LV. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was different among sites, with a significant increase in individuals from DP. Values registered in DP could be caused by exposure to mixture of compounds registered in dams that hold wastewater, while high values registered in CN stream might be due to natural concentrations of fluoride. Our results suggest that blood is an effective and non-destructive sensitive indicator for monitoring genotoxic agents in freshwater ecosystems.
人们对采矿活动产生的废水对氟化物的影响关注甚少。在这项研究中，我们评估了栖息在与阿根廷中部萤石矿有关的自然和人工环境中的南美牛蛙 Rhinella arenarum 的血液学反应。我们分析了与萤石矿有关的三个采样站：(I) Los Cerros Negros 溪流（CN），流经含氟量高的花岗岩；(II) Los Vallecitos 溪流（LV），流经含氟量低的变质岩；和 (III) 人工沉淀池（DP），其中含有萤石浮选过程产生的沉积物。我们计算了微核、红细胞核异常、有丝分裂和未成熟红细胞的频率。此外，我们进行了白细胞分类计数，并确定了中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值作为应激反应的估算值。我们发现 DP 和 CN 中的微核（MN）和红细胞核异常（ENA）频率较高，但 LV 中的频率较低。中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值在不同地点存在差异，DP 个体的比值显著增加。DP 中登记的值可能是由于暴露于废水中所含化合物的混合物，而 CN 溪流中登记的高值可能是由于氟化物的自然浓度。我们的结果表明，血液是监测淡水生态系统中遗传毒性剂的有效且非破坏性的敏感指标。
