Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; email:
Annu Rev Virol. 2017 Sep 29;4(1):349-367. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041439. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
In 1971, the first human polyomavirus was isolated from the brain of a patient who died from a rapidly progressing demyelinating disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The virus was named JC virus after the initials of the patient. In that same year a second human polyomavirus was discovered in the urine of a kidney transplant patient and named BK virus. In the intervening years it became clear that both viruses were widespread in the human population but only rarely caused disease. The past decade has witnessed the discovery of eleven new human polyomaviruses, two of which cause unusual and rare cancers. We present an overview of the history of these viruses and the evolution of JC polyomavirus-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy over three different epochs. We review what is currently known about JC polyomavirus, what is suspected, and what remains to be done to understand the biology of how this mostly harmless endemic virus gives rise to lethal disease.
1971 年，从一名死于快速进展性脱髓鞘疾病（称为进行性多灶性白质脑病）的患者的大脑中分离出了第一种人类多瘤病毒。该病毒以患者姓名的首字母命名为 JC 病毒。同年，在一名肾移植患者的尿液中发现了第二种人类多瘤病毒，并将其命名为 BK 病毒。在这期间，人们逐渐认识到这两种病毒在人群中广泛存在，但很少引起疾病。过去十年见证了十一种新的人类多瘤病毒的发现，其中两种导致了不常见且罕见的癌症。我们介绍了这些病毒的历史以及在三个不同时期 JC 多瘤病毒诱导的进行性多灶性白质脑病的演变。我们回顾了目前对 JC 多瘤病毒的了解、怀疑和有待了解的情况，以了解这种主要无害的地方性病毒如何导致致命疾病的生物学机制。
