Tabei Ken-Ichi, Satoh Masayuki, Ogawa Jun-Ichi, Tokita Tomoko, Nakaguchi Noriko, Nakao Koji, Kida Hirotaka, Tomimoto Hidekazu
Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie UniversityTsu, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie UniversityTsu, Japan.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 Jun 7;9:174. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00174. eCollection 2017.
Findings from previous studies suggest that physical exercise combined with cognitive training produces more positive effects on cognitive function in elderly people than physical exercise alone. However, the brain plasticity associated with these proposed benefits of combined therapy has not yet been investigated in elderly subjects. We hypothesized that the dual task group would experience greater benefits than the physical exercise alone and non-exercise control groups with regard to both cognitive function and brain plasticity. This study investigated the effect of physical exercise with musical accompaniment on structural brain changes in healthy elderly people. Fifty-one participants performed physical exercise (once a week for an hour with professional trainers) with musical accompaniment (ExM), 61 participants performed the same exercise without music (Ex), and 32 participants made up the non-exercise group (Cont). After the 1-year intervention, visuospatial functioning of the ExM but not the Ex group was significantly better than that of the Cont group. Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that the ExM group showed greater right superior frontal gyrus volume and preserved volumes of the right anterior cingulate gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and insula. These results indicate that compared with exercise alone, physical exercise with music induces greater positive effects on cognitive function and leads to subtle neuroanatomical changes in the brains of elderly people. Therefore, physical exercise with music may be a beneficial intervention to delay age-related cognitive decline.
以往研究结果表明，相较于单纯的体育锻炼，体育锻炼与认知训练相结合对老年人的认知功能产生更积极的影响。然而，联合治疗这些潜在益处所关联的大脑可塑性在老年受试者中尚未得到研究。我们假设，在认知功能和大脑可塑性方面，双重任务组比单纯体育锻炼组和非锻炼对照组能获得更大的益处。本研究调查了伴有音乐的体育锻炼对健康老年人脑结构变化的影响。51名参与者在音乐伴奏下进行体育锻炼（每周一次，与专业教练一起锻炼一小时）（ExM组），61名参与者在无音乐的情况下进行相同锻炼（Ex组），32名参与者组成非锻炼组（Cont组）。经过1年的干预，ExM组而非Ex组的视觉空间功能显著优于Cont组。基于体素的形态学分析显示，ExM组右侧额上回体积更大，右侧前扣带回、左侧颞上回和脑岛的体积得以保留。这些结果表明，与单纯锻炼相比，伴有音乐的体育锻炼对认知功能产生更大的积极影响，并导致老年人脑内细微的神经解剖学变化。因此，伴有音乐的体育锻炼可能是延缓与年龄相关认知衰退的有益干预措施。
