Erickson Kirk I, Leckie Regina L, Weinstein Andrea M
Department of Psychology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Neurobiol Aging. 2014 Sep;35 Suppl 2:S20-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.034. Epub 2014 May 14.
In this review, we explore the association among physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise on gray matter volume in older adults. We conclude that higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels are routinely associated with greater gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and less consistently in other regions. We also conclude that physical activity is associated with greater gray matter volume in the same regions that are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness including the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Some heterogeneity in the literature may be explained by effect moderation by age, stress, or other factors. Finally, we report promising results from randomized exercise interventions that suggest that the volume of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex remain pliable and responsive to moderate intensity exercise for 6 months-1 year. Physical activity appears to be a propitious method for influencing gray matter volume in late adulthood, but additional well-controlled studies are necessary to inform public policies about the potential protective or therapeutic effects of exercise on brain volume.
在本综述中，我们探讨了老年人身体活动、心肺适能和运动与灰质体积之间的关联。我们得出结论，较高的心肺适能水平通常与前额叶皮质和海马体中更大的灰质体积相关，而在其他区域的相关性则不太一致。我们还得出结论，身体活动与心肺适能相关区域（包括前额叶皮质和海马体）中更大的灰质体积有关。文献中的一些异质性可能由年龄、压力或其他因素的效应调节来解释。最后，我们报告了随机运动干预的有前景的结果，这些结果表明海马体和前额叶皮质的体积在6个月至1年的中等强度运动中保持可塑性且有反应。身体活动似乎是影响成年晚期灰质体积的一种有利方法，但需要更多严格控制的研究来为关于运动对脑容量的潜在保护或治疗作用的公共政策提供依据。
