Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (UCSC), Rome, Italy.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1057:63-72. doi: 10.1007/5584_2017_54.
The role of the veterinarian as a public health officer is intrinsic to the history and the culture of veterinary organization in Italy. The Veterinary service being part of the Health administration since the birth of the Italian State in the XIX Century. In the second half of the last century the birth of the Italian National Health Service confirmed that the function of the Italian veterinary service was to analyze and reduce the risks for the human population connected to the relationship man-animal-environment, animal health, food safety and security. The Italian Veterinary Medicine School curricula, reflected this "model" of veterinarian as well. In the majority of countries in the world, Veterinary Services are organized within the Agriculture Administration with the main function to assure animal health and wellbeing. After the so-called "Mad-cow crisis" the awareness of the direct and essential role of veterinary services in the prevention of human illness has been officially recognized and in the third millennium the old concept of "one health" and "human-animal interface" has gained popularity worldwide.The concept of Veterinary Public Health, has evolved at International level and has incorporated the more than a century old vision of the Italian Veterinary medicine and it is defined as "the sum of the contributions to the physical, mental and social development of people through the knowledge and application of veterinary science" (WHO, Future trends in veterinary public health. Gruppo di lavoro OMS: TE, Italy, 1999, Available from: http://www.who.int/zoonoses/vph/en/ . Last visited 16 Feb 2016, 1999).On the subject of Cooperation, Sustainability and Public Health, the EXPO 2015 event and the activities of international organizations WHO, FAO and World Organization for Animal Health are refocusing at present their worldwide mandate to protect human health and the economy of both the poorest Countries and the developed countries, according to the "new" concept of Veterinary Public Health.Focus of Italian Veterinary Services activity is connected to research, diagnosis and epidemiological analysis of infectious diseases, including zoonosis, food safety as well as food security.
兽医作为公共卫生官员的角色是意大利兽医组织历史和文化的固有组成部分。自 19 世纪意大利国家成立以来，兽医服务一直是卫生行政部门的一部分。在上世纪后半叶，意大利国家卫生服务的诞生证实了意大利兽医服务的功能是分析和减少与人类-动物-环境、动物健康、食品安全和安全相关的人类人口风险。意大利兽医医学院的课程也反映了这种“兽医模式”。在世界上大多数国家，兽医服务都在农业管理部门内组织，主要职能是确保动物的健康和福利。在所谓的“疯牛病危机”之后，兽医服务在预防人类疾病方面的直接和重要作用得到了官方认可，在第三个千年，“一个健康”和“人类-动物界面”的旧概念在全球范围内得到了普及。兽医公共卫生的概念在国际层面上得到了发展，并纳入了意大利兽医医学一个多世纪的愿景，它被定义为“通过应用兽医科学知识为人们的身体、精神和社会发展做出的贡献”（世卫组织，未来兽医公共卫生趋势。世卫组织工作组：TE，意大利，1999 年，可从以下网址获得：http://www.who.int/zoonoses/vph/en/ 。最后访问日期为 2016 年 2 月 16 日，1999 年）。在世博会 2015 年活动和世界卫生组织、粮农组织和世界动物卫生组织等国际组织的合作、可持续性和公共卫生主题方面，目前正在根据“新”兽医公共卫生概念重新调整其保护最贫穷国家和发达国家人类健康和经济的全球任务。意大利兽医服务活动的重点是传染病、包括人畜共患病的研究、诊断和流行病学分析、食品安全以及粮食安全。
