Department of Psychology, University of Michigan.
Department of Management and Organizations, Northwestern University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2017 Nov;113(5):753-768. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000107. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Research on multiracial categorization has focused on majority group social perceivers (i.e., White Americans), demonstrating that they (a) typically categorize Black-White multiracials according to a rule of hypodescent, associating them more with their lower status parent group than their higher status parent group, and (b) do so at least in part to preserve the hierarchical status quo. The current work examines whether members of an ethnic minority group, Black Americans, also associate Black-White multiracials more with their minority versus majority parent group and if so, why. The first 2 studies (1A and 1B) directly compared Black and White Americans, and found that although both Blacks and Whites categorized Black-White multiracials as more Black than White, Whites' use of hypodescent was associated with intergroup antiegalitarianism, whereas Blacks' use of hypodescent was associated with intergroup egalitarianism. Studies 2-3 reveal that egalitarian Blacks use hypodescent in part because they perceive that Black-White biracials face discrimination and consequently feel a sense of linked fate with them. This research establishes that the use of hypodescent extends to minority as well as majority perceivers but also shows that the beliefs associated with the use of hypodescent differ as a function of perceiver social status. In doing so, we broaden the social scientific understanding of hypodescent, showing how it can be an inclusionary rather than exclusionary phenomenon. (PsycINFO Database Record
多种族分类的研究集中在多数群体的社会感知者（即美国白人）上，表明他们 (a) 通常根据降格规则对黑-白混血儿进行分类，将他们更多地与他们地位较低的父母群体联系在一起，而不是与他们地位较高的父母群体联系在一起，以及 (b) 这样做至少部分是为了维护等级制度的现状。目前的工作检查了一个少数民族群体的成员，即美国黑人，他们是否也将黑-白混血儿更多地与他们的少数群体而不是多数群体联系在一起，如果是，原因是什么。前两项研究（1A 和 1B）直接比较了美国黑人和白人，发现尽管黑人和白人都将黑-白混血儿归类为更多的黑人而不是白人，但白人使用降格规则与群体间的反平等主义有关，而黑人使用降格规则与群体间的平等主义有关。研究 2-3 表明，平等主义的黑人使用降格规则部分是因为他们认为黑-白混血儿面临歧视，因此与他们有一种命运相连的感觉。这项研究确立了降格规则不仅延伸到多数群体感知者，也延伸到少数群体感知者，但也表明与使用降格规则相关的信念因感知者的社会地位而异。这样做，我们拓宽了对降格规则的社会科学理解，展示了它如何成为一种包容而非排斥的现象。
