Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Sep 4;109(36):14357-62. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103880109. Epub 2012 Aug 20.
We provide evidence that recognition memory is mediated by a detect-or-guess mental-state model without recourse to concepts of latent-strength or multiple-memory systems. We assess performance in a two-alternative forced-choice recognition memory task with confidence ratings. The key manipulation is that sometimes participants are asked which of two new items is old, and the resulting confidence distribution is unambiguously interpreted as arising from a guessing state. The confidence ratings for other conditions are seemingly the resultant of mixing this stable guessing state with an additional stable detect state. Formal model comparison supports this observation, and an analysis of associated response times reveals a mixture signature as well.
我们提供的证据表明，识别记忆是由一个检测或猜测心理状态模型介导的，而无需借助潜在强度或多个记忆系统的概念。我们在一个包含置信度评分的二选一强制选择识别记忆任务中评估表现。关键的操作是，有时要求参与者选择两个新项中的哪一个是旧项，并且由此产生的置信度分布可以明确地解释为来自猜测状态。其他条件下的置信度评分似乎是这种稳定的猜测状态与附加的稳定检测状态混合的结果。正式的模型比较支持这一观察结果，对相关反应时间的分析也揭示了这种混合特征。
