Ammar A, Chtourou H, Hammouda O, Turki M, Ayedi F, Kallel C, AbdelKarim O, Hoekelmann A, Souissi N
Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University , Sfax, Tunisia.
Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg , Magdeburg, Germany.
Physiol Int. 2016 Jun 1;103(2):243-261. doi: 10.1556/036.103.2016.2.11.
The aims of the present study were to: (1) investigate the effect of a weightlifting training session and time-of-day (TOD) upon biological parameters (i.e., oral temperature, hematological, C-reactive protein (CRP), and oxidative stress) and (2) assess their possible link with muscle damage responses. Nine weightlifters (21 ± 0.5 years) performed, in a randomized order, three Olympic-Weightlifting sessions (i.e., at 08:00, 14:00, and 18:00). Blood samples were collected at rest, 3 min and 48 h after each training session. Between pre- and post-training session, ANOVA showed significant increases in oxidative stress markers at the three TODs (p < 0.01) and significant increases for creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) only at 08:00 and 18:00 (p < 0.05). At rest, the results showed a significant diurnal variation for the majority of the selected parameters except for malondialdehyde (MDA), total bilirubin, and CRP with higher values observed at 18:00 (p < 0.05). After the training session, given the higher rate of increase during the morning session, these diurnal variations persisted for temperature and WBC (p < 0.01) and were suppressed for CK, LDH, uric acid (UA), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The main significant correlations (p < 0.001) were observed between: (1) CK and MDA (r = 0.6) and CK and UA (r = 0.66 and r = 0.82) during the morning and evening training sessions; (2) CK and CRP only during the morning session (r = 0.5); and (3) CRP and WBC during the three training sessions (r = 0.8). In conclusion, the present findings: (1) confirm that the muscle damage responses could be induced by a high level of oxidative stress and (2) suggest to avoid scheduling training sessions in the morning given the higher muscle damage, inflammatory, and oxidative responses at this TOD.
（1）调查一次举重训练课以及一天中的不同时段（TOD）对生物学参数（即口腔温度、血液学指标、C反应蛋白（CRP）和氧化应激）的影响，以及（2）评估它们与肌肉损伤反应之间的可能联系。九名举重运动员（21±0.5岁）以随机顺序进行了三次奥运会举重训练课（即分别在08:00、14:00和18:00）。在每次训练课之前、训练后3分钟和48小时采集血样。在训练课前后，方差分析显示在三个时段氧化应激标志物均显著增加（p<0.01），仅在08:00和18:00肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）显著增加（p<0.05）。在静息状态下，结果显示除丙二醛（MDA）、总胆红素和CRP外，大多数选定参数存在显著的昼夜变化，在18:00时观察到的值更高（p<0.05）。训练课后，鉴于上午训练课期间升高速率更高，这些昼夜变化在体温和白细胞方面持续存在（p<0.01），而在CK、LDH、尿酸（UA）、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶方面受到抑制。主要的显著相关性（p<0.001）出现在：（1）上午和晚上训练课期间，CK与MDA（r=0.6）以及CK与UA（r=0.66和r=0.82）之间；（2）仅在上午训练课期间CK与CRP之间（r=0.5）；以及（3）在三次训练课期间CRP与白细胞之间（r=0.8）。总之，本研究结果：（1）证实高水平的氧化应激可诱导肌肉损伤反应，以及（2）表明鉴于在该时段肌肉损伤、炎症和氧化反应更高，建议避免在上午安排训练课。
