Jiang Cong, Geng Jinju, Hu Haidong, Ma Haijun, Gao Xingsheng, Ren Hongqiang
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR of China.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 22;12(6):e0179236. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179236. eCollection 2017.
This study covers three widely detected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals (NSAIDs), diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP) and naproxen (NPX), as NSAIDs pollutants. The objective is to evaluate the impact of NSAIDs at their environmental concentrations on microbial community assembly and activity. The exposure experiments were conducted under three conditions (5 μg L-1 DCF, 5 μg L-1 DCF+5 μg L-1 IBP and 5 μg L-1 DCF+5 μg L-1 IBP+ 5 μg L-1 NPX) in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for 130 days. Removals of COD and NH4+-N were not affected but total nitrogen (TN) removal decreased. IBP and NPX had the high removal efficiencies (79.96% to 85.64%), whereas DCF was more persistent (57.24% to 64.12%). In addition, the decreased removals of TN remained the same under the three conditions (p > 0.05). The results of oxidizing enzyme activities, live cell percentages and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) indicated that NSAIDs damaged the cell walls or microorganisms and the mixtures of the three NSAIDs increased the toxicity. The increased Shannon-Wiener diversity index suggested that bacterial diversity was increased with the addition of selected NSAIDs. Bacterial ribosomal RNA small subunit (16S) gene sequencing results indicated that Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were enriched, while Micropruina and Nakamurella decreased with the addition of NSAIDs. The enrichment of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes indicated that both of them might have the ability to degrade NSAIDs and thereby could adapt well with the presence of NSAIDs.
本研究涵盖三种广泛检测到的非甾体抗炎药物（NSAIDs），即双氯芬酸（DCF）、布洛芬（IBP）和萘普生（NPX），将其作为NSAIDs污染物。目的是评估环境浓度下的NSAIDs对微生物群落组装和活性的影响。在序批式反应器（SBRs）中，于三种条件下（5 μg L-1 DCF、5 μg L-1 DCF + 5 μg L-1 IBP和5 μg L-1 DCF + 5 μg L-1 IBP + 5 μg L-1 NPX）进行了130天的暴露实验。化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NH4+-N）的去除未受影响，但总氮（TN）去除率下降。IBP和NPX具有较高的去除效率（79.96%至85.64%），而DCF更具持久性（57.24%至64.12%）。此外，三种条件下TN去除率的下降情况保持不变（p > 0.05）。氧化酶活性、活细胞百分比和胞外聚合物（EPS）的结果表明，NSAIDs破坏了细胞壁或微生物，三种NSAIDs的混合物增加了毒性。香农-维纳多样性指数的增加表明，添加选定的NSAIDs后细菌多样性增加。细菌核糖体RNA小亚基（16S）基因测序结果表明，添加NSAIDs后放线菌门和拟杆菌门富集，而微小普鲁氏菌属和中村氏菌属减少。放线菌门和拟杆菌门的富集表明它们可能都具有降解NSAIDs的能力，因此能够很好地适应NSAIDs的存在。
