Saltzman Wendy, Harris Breanna N, De Jong Trynke R, Perea-Rodriguez Juan P, Horrell Nathan D, Zhao Meng, Andrew Jacob R
Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
Integr Comp Biol. 2017 Sep 1;57(3):589-602. doi: 10.1093/icb/icx047.
Parental care by fathers, although rare among mmmals, can be essential for the survival and normal development of offspring in biparental species. A growing body of research on biparental rodents has identified several developmental and experiential influences on paternal responsiveness. Some of these factors, such as pubertal maturation, interactions with pups, and cues from a pregnant mate, contribute to pronounced changes in paternal responsiveness across the course of the lifetime in individual males. Others, particularly intrauterine position during gestation and parental care received during postnatal development, can have long-term effects on paternal behavior and contribute to stable differences among individuals within a species. Focusing on five well-studied, biparental rodent species, we review the developmental and experiential factors that have been shown to influence paternal responsiveness, and consider their roles in generating both intra- and inter-individual variation. We also review hormones and neuropeptides that have been shown to modulate paternal care and discuss their potential contributions to behavioral differences within and between males. Finally, we discuss the possibility that vasopressinergic and possibly oxytocinergic signaling within the brain, modulated by gonadal steroid hormones, may represent the "final common pathway" mediating effects of developmental and experiential variables on intra- and inter-individual variation in paternal care.
在哺乳动物中，由父亲提供亲代抚育的情况虽不常见，但对于双亲物种后代的生存和正常发育可能至关重要。越来越多关于双亲啮齿动物的研究已经确定了对父性反应性的几种发育和经验影响。其中一些因素，如青春期成熟、与幼崽的互动以及来自怀孕配偶的线索，会导致个体雄性在一生中父性反应性发生显著变化。其他因素，特别是妊娠期的子宫内位置和出生后发育期间接受的亲代抚育，可能对父性行为产生长期影响，并导致同一物种内个体之间的稳定差异。我们聚焦于五个经过充分研究的双亲啮齿动物物种，回顾已被证明会影响父性反应性的发育和经验因素，并探讨它们在产生个体内和个体间差异方面所起的作用。我们还回顾了已被证明可调节亲代抚育的激素和神经肽，并讨论它们对雄性个体内部和之间行为差异的潜在贡献。最后，我们讨论了一种可能性，即由性腺类固醇激素调节的大脑内血管加压素能信号以及可能的催产素能信号，可能代表了介导发育和经验变量对父性抚育个体内和个体间差异影响的“最终共同途径”。
