Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Friuli 2434, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2020 Jun;237(6):1841-1850. doi: 10.1007/s00213-020-05501-3. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
Social attachment plays an important role in offspring development. Different parenting experiences during lactation may shape offspring behavior and later alcohol use.
We tested the hypothesis that differential rearing conditions (single mother, SM or biparental, BP) in the non-monogamous C57BL/6J mice may affect (1) parental behavior during lactation, (2) adolescent behavior, and (3) adolescent initiation of alcohol drinking.
Mice were reared in SM or BP (cohabitation of father-mother since copulation) condition until weaning (postnatal day, PND, 21). Litters from both conditions were filmed during PNDs 6, 9, and 12 and an ethogram was made taking into account nest-, pup-, or self-directed behaviors. At PNDs, 28-29 adolescent animals were evaluated in a modified version of the concentric square field for measurement of behavioral patterns. Other groups of adolescents were tested in a 4-h daily, two-bottle choice alcohol consumption test (10% alcohol vs. water) during 3 weeks (4 days per week).
Single mothers spent less time in the nest, left unattended the nest more times, displayed more self-directed and less pup-directed behaviors than BP parents. SM-reared adolescents displayed more anxiogenic-like and less risk-associated behaviors than BP counterparts. The alcohol consumption test indicated a strong effect of rearing condition. Since the fifth day of test, SM adolescents consumed more quantities of alcohol than BP adolescents.
During single-mother parenting, pups are left unattended more often, and during adolescence, these organisms exhibited increased anxiety responses. This behavioral phenotype may act as a risk factor for alcohol initiation during adolescence.
社会依附在后代的发展中起着重要作用。哺乳期不同的育儿经验可能会影响后代的行为和以后的饮酒行为。
我们检验了以下假说，即非单配偶制的 C57BL/6J 小鼠的不同养育条件（单亲，SM 或双亲，BP）可能会影响（1）哺乳期的父母行为，（2）青少年行为，以及（3）青少年开始饮酒。
SM 或 BP（自交配以来父母共同居住）条件下饲养小鼠，直至断奶（产后第 21 天）。在产后第 6、9 和 12 天，对来自两种条件的幼崽进行录像，并制定行为表，考虑巢内、幼崽或自我导向的行为。在产后第 28-29 天，用改良的同心方场对青少年动物进行行为模式评估。在为期 3 周（每周 4 天）的 4 小时每日双瓶选择酒精消耗测试中，对其他组的青少年进行测试（10%酒精与水）。
与 BP 父母相比，单亲母亲在巢中停留的时间更少，更频繁地离开无人看管的巢，表现出更多的自我导向行为和更少的幼崽导向行为。与 BP 对照组相比，SM 育养的青少年表现出更多的焦虑样行为和更少的风险相关行为。酒精消耗测试表明养育条件有很强的影响。从测试的第 5 天开始，SM 青少年消耗的酒精量多于 BP 青少年。
在单亲育儿期间，幼崽更频繁地无人看管，而在青少年时期，这些生物表现出更高的焦虑反应。这种行为表型可能是青少年开始饮酒的一个风险因素。
