Boyd Douglas D
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017 Jul 1;88(7):657-664. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4862.2017.
General aviation includes all civilian aviation apart from operations involving paid passenger transport. Unfortunately, this category of aviation holds a lackluster safety record, accounting for 94% of civil aviation fatalities. In 2014, of 1143 general aviation accidents, 20% were fatal compared with 0 of 29 airline mishaps in the United States. Herein, research findings over the past 30 yr will be reviewed. Accident risk factors (e.g., adverse weather, geographical region, post-impact fire, gender differences) will be discussed. The review will also summarize the development and implementation of stringent crashworthiness designs with multi-axis dynamic testing and head-injury protection and its impact on mitigating occupant injury severity. The benefits and drawbacks of new technology and human factor considerations associated with increased general aviation automation will be debated. Data on the safety of the aging general aviation population and increased drug usage will also be described. Finally, areas in which general aviation occupant survival could be improved and injury severity mitigated will be discussed with the view of equipping aircraft with 1) crash-resistant fuel tanks to reduce post-impact conflagration; 2) after-market ballistic parachutes for older aircraft; and 3) current generation electronic locator beacons to hasten site access by first responders.Boyd DD. A review of general aviation safety (1984-2017). Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(7):657-664.
通用航空包括除涉及付费客运运营之外的所有民用航空。不幸的是，这类航空的安全记录平平，占民航死亡事故的94%。2014年，在美国的1143起通用航空事故中，20%是致命事故，而29起航空公司事故中则无一例致命。在此，将回顾过去30年的研究结果。将讨论事故风险因素（如恶劣天气、地理区域、撞击后起火、性别差异）。该综述还将总结通过多轴动态测试和头部损伤保护来开发和实施严格的防撞设计及其对减轻乘员伤害严重程度的影响。将对与通用航空自动化增加相关的新技术的利弊以及人为因素进行辩论。还将描述有关通用航空机队老化安全性和药物使用增加的数据。最后，将讨论可以提高通用航空乘员生存率并减轻伤害严重程度的领域，即给飞机配备：1）抗坠毁油箱以减少撞击后起火；2）为旧飞机配备售后市场弹道降落伞；3）当代电子定位信标以便急救人员更快到达事故现场。博伊德·D·D。通用航空安全综述（1984 - 2017年）。航空航天医学与人类表现。2017年；88(7):657 - 664。
