Akparibo Issaka Y, Stolfi Adrienne
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017 Oct 1;88(10):931-936. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4813.2017.
This study examined the association between mean age of pilot, pilot license, pilot medical certificate and drug use trends in pilots fatally injured in aircraft accidents. The prevalence of prescription drugs, OTC drugs, controlled drugs and drugs that may be potentially impairing was also examined.
This study was a descriptive observational study in which the NTSB Aviation Accident Database was searched from the period beginning January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014.
During the study period a total of 706 accidents involving 711 fatalities were investigated by the NTSB. This study included 633 of these accidents, involving 646 fatalities. Of these pilots, 42.1% had drugs in their biological samples. The prevalence of prescription drugs, controlled drugs, OTC drugs, opioids, and potentially impairing drugs in the fatally injured pilot population over the study period was 28.9%, 15.0%, 20.1%, 5.1%, and 25.5%, respectively. Pilots with any drugs in their samples were significantly older than those without drugs. Medical certificate held was associated with drug use; pilots who held third class certificates had the highest prevalence at 54.1%. Pilot license was not associated with drug use. In 3.8% of the accidents, drugs were a contributing factor in the cause.
Despite current FAA medical regulations, potentially impairing drugs are frequently found in biological samples of fatally injured pilots in the U.S. More education of airmen by aviation medical examiners is needed on the safety of drug use.Akparibo IY, Stolfi A. Pilot certification, age of pilot, and drug use in fatal civil aviation accidents. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(10):931-936.
本研究调查了飞机事故中遇难飞行员的平均年龄、飞行员执照、飞行员体检合格证与药物使用趋势之间的关联。同时还研究了处方药、非处方药、管制药物以及可能产生潜在损害的药物的使用流行情况。
本研究为描述性观察研究，检索了美国国家运输安全委员会（NTSB）2012年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间的航空事故数据库。
在研究期间，NTSB共调查了706起涉及711人死亡的事故。本研究纳入了其中633起事故，涉及646名遇难者。在这些飞行员中，42.1%的人的生物样本中检测出药物。在研究期间，遇难飞行员群体中处方药、管制药物、非处方药、阿片类药物以及可能产生潜在损害的药物的使用流行率分别为28.9%、15.0%、20.1%、5.1%和25.5%。样本中检测出有任何药物的飞行员明显比未检测出药物的飞行员年龄更大。持有体检合格证与药物使用有关；持有三级体检合格证的飞行员药物使用流行率最高，为54.1%。飞行员执照与药物使用无关。在3.8%的事故中，药物是事故原因的一个促成因素。
尽管有美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）现行的医疗规定，但在美国遇难飞行员的生物样本中经常发现可能产生潜在损害的药物。航空医学检查人员需要对飞行员进行更多关于药物使用安全性的教育。
阿克帕里博IY，斯托尔菲A。致命民航事故中的飞行员认证、飞行员年龄与药物使用。《航空航天医学与人类表现》。2017；88(10):931 - 936。
