Ewing Ruth Y, Mase-Guthrie Blair, McFee Wayne, Townsend Forrest, Manire Charles A, Walsh Michael, Borkowski Rose, Bossart Gregory D, Schaefer Adam M
Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United States.
National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, Charleston, SC, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2017 Jun 8;4:80. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00080. eCollection 2017.
We conducted a retrospective study of serum biochemistry and hematologic findings from displaced, out-of-habitat bottlenose dolphins () exposed to various low salinity environments in waters along the southern United States including southeastern Atlantic and northern Gulf of Mexico. Serum sodium, chloride, and calculated osmolality were significantly lower and below reference ranges in displaced animals compared to free-ranging case control animals. This suggests clinical hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hypo-osmolality due to an uptake of low saline water from the environment. In addition, significant differences were found in other serum chemistry variables, although none were outside of normal reference ranges for non-controlled free-ranging animals. Multiple linear regressions demonstrated the degree of salinity had a greater pathophysiologic response than the duration of fresh water exposure. The Na/Cl ratio and bicarbonate were the only variables that were significantly modulated by exposure duration. These findings suggest that the degree of salinity is a critical factor when assessing and managing care for dolphins chronically exposed to low salinity water. Results from this study indicate that changes in various biochemical parameters can be used to determine fresh water exposure and aid in determining the treatment for animals recovered from low salinity waters.
我们对美国南部水域（包括大西洋东南部和墨西哥湾北部）流离失所、离开栖息地且暴露于各种低盐度环境的宽吻海豚的血清生化和血液学检查结果进行了一项回顾性研究。与自由放养的对照动物相比，流离失所动物的血清钠、氯和计算渗透压显著降低且低于参考范围。这表明由于从环境中摄取了低盐度水，出现了临床低钠血症、低氯血症和低渗透压。此外，在其他血清化学变量中发现了显著差异，尽管对于未受控制的自由放养动物而言，这些差异均未超出正常参考范围。多元线性回归表明，盐度的变化比淡水暴露的持续时间具有更大的病理生理反应。钠/氯比值和碳酸氢盐是仅有的受暴露持续时间显著调节的变量。这些发现表明，在评估和管理长期暴露于低盐度水的海豚的护理时，盐度是一个关键因素。本研究结果表明，各种生化参数的变化可用于确定淡水暴露情况，并有助于确定从低盐度水域中恢复的动物的治疗方法。
