Zeguers Maaike Ht, Huizenga H M, van der Molen M W, Snellings P
1 Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2 Rudolf Berlin Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2018 Aug;71(8):1672-1686. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2017.1345958. Epub 2018 Jan 1.
It has been assumed that fluent reading requires efficient integration of orthographic and phonological codes. However, it is thus far unclear how this integration process develops when children learn to become fluent readers. Therefore, we used masked priming to investigate time courses of orthographic and phonological code activation in children at incremental levels of reading development (second, fourth and sixth grade). The first study used targets with small phonological differences between phonological and orthographic primes, which are typical in transparent orthographies. The second study manipulated the strength of the phonological difference between prime and target to clarify whether phonological difference influences phonological priming effects. Results in both studies showed that orthographic priming effects became facilitative at increasingly short durations during reading development, but phonological priming was absent. These results are taken to suggest that development of reading fluency is accompanied by increased automatization of orthographic representations. The absence of phonological priming suggests that developing readers cannot yet activate phonological codes automatically.
人们一直认为，流畅阅读需要高效整合正字法和语音代码。然而，到目前为止，尚不清楚儿童在学习成为流畅阅读者时，这种整合过程是如何发展的。因此，我们使用掩蔽启动来研究处于不同阅读发展水平（二年级、四年级和六年级）的儿童中正字法和语音代码激活的时间进程。第一项研究使用了语音和正字法启动刺激之间存在微小语音差异的目标，这在透明正字法中很典型。第二项研究操纵了启动刺激和目标之间语音差异的强度，以阐明语音差异是否会影响语音启动效应。两项研究的结果均表明，在阅读发展过程中，正字法启动效应在越来越短的持续时间内变得具有促进作用，但语音启动效应并不存在。这些结果表明，阅读流畅性的发展伴随着正字法表征自动化程度的提高。语音启动效应的缺失表明，正在发展中的阅读者尚不能自动激活语音代码。
