Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
Microbiome. 2017 Jun 24;5(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0281-7.
All humans, animals, and plants are holobionts. Holobionts comprise the host and a myriad of interacting microorganisms-the microbiota. The hologenome encompasses the genome of the host plus the composite of all microbial genomes (the microbiome). In health, there is a fine-tuned and resilient equilibrium within the members of the microbiota and between them and the host. This relative stability is maintained by a high level of microbial diversity, a delicate bio-geographic distribution of microorganisms, and a sophisticated and intricate molecular crosstalk among the multiple components of the holobiont. Pathobionts are temporarily benign microbes with the potential, under modified ecosystem conditions, to become key players in disease. Pathobionts may be endogenous, living for prolonged periods of time inside or on the host, or exogenous, invading the host during opportunistic situations. In both cases, the end result is the transformation of the beneficial microbiome into a health-perturbing pathobiome. We hypothesize that probably all diseases of holobionts, acute or chronic, infectious or non-infectious, and regional or systemic, are characterized by a perturbation of the healthy microbiome into a diseased pathobiome.
所有人类、动物和植物都是全生体。全生体由宿主和无数相互作用的微生物——微生物组组成。全息基因组包含宿主的基因组加上所有微生物基因组的组合（微生物组）。在健康状态下，微生物组成员之间以及它们与宿主之间存在着精细的、有弹性的平衡。这种相对稳定性是通过高水平的微生物多样性、微生物精细的生物地理分布以及全生体多个组成部分之间复杂而精细的分子串扰来维持的。条件致病菌是暂时无害的微生物，在生态系统条件改变的情况下，有可能成为疾病的关键因素。条件致病菌可能是内源性的，在宿主内部或表面长期存在，也可能是外源性的，在机会性情况下入侵宿主。在这两种情况下，最终结果都是将有益的微生物组转变为扰乱健康的病理微生物组。我们假设，可能所有的全生体疾病，无论是急性的还是慢性的、传染性的还是非传染性的、局部的还是全身性的，其特征都是健康微生物组转变为患病的病理微生物组。
