Gerretsen Hannah E, Sande Charles J
Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
J Infect. 2017 Jun;74 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S143-S146. doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30205-0.
2017 will mark the 60 anniversary since the first isolation of RSV in children. In spite of concerted efforts over all these years, the goal of developing an effective vaccine against paediatric RSV disease has remained elusive. One of the main hurdles standing in the way of an effective vaccine is the fact that the age incidence of severe disease peaks within the first 3 months of life, providing limited opportunity for intervention. In addition to this complexity, the spectre of failed historical vaccines, which increased the risk of illness and death upon subsequent natural infection, has substantially increased the safety criteria against which modern vaccines will be assessed. This review traces the history of RSV vaccine development for young infants and analyses the potential reasons for the failure of historic vaccines. It also discusses recent breakthroughs in vaccine antigen design and the progressive evolution of platforms for the delivery of these antigens to seronegative infants.
2017年将是首次从儿童体内分离出呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）60周年。尽管多年来人们齐心协力，但研发一种有效的抗小儿RSV疾病疫苗的目标仍难以实现。有效疫苗研发的主要障碍之一是，严重疾病的年龄发病率在生命的头3个月内达到峰值，这使得干预机会有限。除了这种复杂性之外，历史上疫苗研发失败的幽灵，即这些疫苗会增加后续自然感染时患病和死亡的风险，大大提高了评估现代疫苗的安全标准。本综述追溯了针对幼儿的RSV疫苗研发历史，并分析了历史疫苗失败的潜在原因。它还讨论了疫苗抗原设计方面的最新突破以及将这些抗原递送至血清阴性婴儿的平台的逐步发展。
