State Key Joint Laboratory on Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
State Key Joint Laboratory on Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2017 Jul;57:137-149. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.11.008. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
The microbial quality of urban recreational water is of great concern to public health. The monitoring of indicator organisms and several pathogens alone is not sufficient to accurately and comprehensively identify microbial risks. To assess the levels of bacterial pathogens and health risks in urban recreational water, we analyzed pathogen diversity and quantified four pathogens in 46 water samples collected from waterbodies in Beijing Olympic Forest Park in one year. The pathogen diversity revealed by 16S rRNA gene targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) showed that 16 of 40 genera and 13 of 76 reference species were present. The most abundant species were Acinetobacter johnsonii, Mycobacterium avium and Aeromonas spp. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of Escherichia coli (uidA), Aeromonas (aerA), M. avium (16S rRNA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (oaa) and Salmonella (invA) showed that the aerA genes were the most abundant, occurring in all samples with concentrations of 10 genome copies/100mL, followed by oaa, invA and M. avium. In total, 34.8% of the samples harbored all genes, indicating the prevalence of these pathogens in this recreational waterbody. Based on the qPCR results, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) showed that the annual infection risks of Salmonella, M. avium and P. aeruginosa in five activities were mostly greater than the U.S. EPA risk limit for recreational contacts, and children playing with water may be exposed to the greatest infection risk. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of bacterial pathogen diversity and pathogen abundance in urban recreational water by applying both NGS and qPCR.
城市娱乐水中的微生物质量对公众健康至关重要。仅监测指示生物和几种病原体不足以准确全面地识别微生物风险。为了评估城市娱乐水中细菌病原体和健康风险的水平，我们分析了病原体多样性，并在一年内从北京奥林匹克森林公园的水体中采集了 46 个水样，对 4 种病原体进行了定量。16S rRNA 基因靶向下一代测序（NGS）显示的病原体多样性表明，40 个属中的 16 个和 76 个参考种中的 13 个存在。最丰富的物种是约翰逊不动杆菌、鸟分枝杆菌和气单胞菌属。大肠杆菌（uidA）、气单胞菌（aerA）、鸟分枝杆菌（16S rRNA）、铜绿假单胞菌（oaa）和沙门氏菌（invA）的定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）显示，aerA 基因最为丰富，存在于所有样本中，浓度为 10 个基因组拷贝/100mL，其次是 oaa、invA 和 M. avium。总共，34.8%的样本携带所有基因，表明这些病原体在该娱乐水中普遍存在。基于 qPCR 结果，定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）显示，五种活动中沙门氏菌、鸟分枝杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的年感染风险大多超过美国 EPA 对娱乐接触的风险限值，玩水的儿童可能面临最大的感染风险。我们的研究结果通过应用 NGS 和 qPCR，提供了对城市娱乐水中细菌病原体多样性和病原体丰度的全面了解。
