Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research-NIBIO Oluf Thesens vei 43, 1433 Aas, Norway.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 22;19(9):5128. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095128.
Microbial water quality is of vital importance for human, animal, and environmental health. Notably, pathogenically contaminated water can result in serious health problems, such as waterborne outbreaks, which have caused huge economic and social losses. In this context, the prompt detection of microbial contamination becomes essential to enable early warning and timely reaction with proper interventions. Recently, molecular diagnostics have been increasingly employed for the rapid and robust assessment of microbial water quality implicated by various microbial pollutants, e.g., waterborne pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), imposing the most critical health threats to humans and the environment. Continuous technological advances have led to constant improvements and expansions of molecular methods, such as conventional end-point PCR, DNA microarray, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), multiplex qPCR (mqPCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), and high-throughput next-generation DNA sequencing (HT-NGS). These state-of-the-art molecular approaches largely facilitate the surveillance of microbial water quality in diverse aquatic systems and wastewater. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the advancement of the key molecular tools frequently employed for microbial water quality assessment, with future perspectives on their applications.
微生物水质对人类、动物和环境健康至关重要。值得注意的是，受病原体污染的水可能导致严重的健康问题，例如水源性传染病爆发，这给经济和社会造成了巨大损失。在这种情况下，及时检测微生物污染对于早期预警和及时采取适当干预措施至关重要。最近，分子诊断已越来越多地用于快速、稳健地评估各种微生物污染物（如水源性病原体和抗生素耐药基因 (ARGs)）引起的微生物水质，这些污染物对人类和环境构成了最严重的健康威胁。持续的技术进步推动了分子方法的不断改进和扩展，例如传统终点 PCR、DNA 微阵列、实时定量 PCR (qPCR)、多重 qPCR (mqPCR)、环介导等温扩增 (LAMP)、数字液滴 PCR (ddPCR) 和高通量下一代 DNA 测序 (HT-NGS)。这些最先进的分子方法在很大程度上促进了对各种水系统和废水的微生物水质的监测。本综述提供了微生物水质评估中常用的关键分子工具的最新进展概述，并对其应用的未来前景进行了展望。
