Wang Mo, Zhang Dong Qing, Dong Jian Wen, Tan Soon Keat
College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, 637141, Singapore.
J Environ Sci (China). 2017 Jul;57:293-311. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.12.019. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been successfully used for treating various wastewaters for decades and have been identified as a sustainable wastewater management option worldwide. However, the application of CW for wastewater treatment in frigid climate presents special challenges. Wetland treatment of wastewater relies largely on biological processes, and reliable treatment is often a function of climate conditions. To date, the rate of adoption of wetland technology for wastewater treatment in cold regions has been slow and there are relatively few published reports on CW applications in cold climate. This paper therefore highlights the practice and applications of treatment wetlands in cold climate. A comprehensive review of the effectiveness of contaminant removal in different wetland systems including: (1) free water surface (FWS) CWs; (2) subsurface flow (SSF) CWs; and (3) hybrid wetland systems, is presented. The emphasis of this review is also placed on the influence of cold weather conditions on the removal efficacies of different contaminants. The strategies of wetland design and operation for performance intensification, such as the presence of plant, operational mode, effluent recirculation, artificial aeration and in-series design, which are crucial to achieve the sustainable treatment performance in cold climate, are also discussed. This study is conducive to further research for the understanding of CW design and treatment performance in cold climate.
几十年来，人工湿地（CWs）已成功用于处理各种废水，并已被确定为全球可持续的废水管理选项。然而，在寒冷气候条件下将人工湿地应用于废水处理面临特殊挑战。湿地废水处理很大程度上依赖于生物过程，可靠的处理效果通常取决于气候条件。迄今为止，寒冷地区采用湿地技术处理废水的速度一直很慢，关于寒冷气候下人工湿地应用的已发表报告相对较少。因此，本文重点介绍了寒冷气候下处理湿地的实践与应用。本文全面综述了不同湿地系统中污染物去除的有效性，包括：（1）自由水面（FWS）人工湿地；（2）潜流（SSF）人工湿地；以及（3）混合湿地系统。本综述还重点关注了寒冷天气条件对不同污染物去除效率的影响。还讨论了强化湿地设计和运行性能的策略，如植物的存在、运行模式、出水回流、人工曝气和串联设计，这些对于在寒冷气候下实现可持续处理性能至关重要。本研究有助于进一步开展研究，以了解寒冷气候下人工湿地的设计和处理性能。
