1 Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China .
2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China .
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2018 Jan 20;28(3):213-229. doi: 10.1089/ars.2017.7226. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
Beyond their roles as redox currency in living organisms, pyridine dinucleotides (NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH) are also precursors or cosubstrates of great significance in various physiologic and pathologic processes. Recent Advances: For many years, it was challenging to develop methodologies for monitoring pyridine dinucleotides in situ or in vivo. Recent advances in fluorescent protein-based sensors provide a rapid, sensitive, specific, and real-time readout of pyridine dinucleotide dynamics in single cells or in vivo, thereby opening a new era of pyridine dinucleotide bioimaging. In this article, we summarize the developments in genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH redox states, as well as their applications in life sciences and drug discovery. The strengths and weaknesses of individual sensors are also discussed.
These sensors have the advantages of being specific and organelle targetable, enabling real-time monitoring and subcellular-level quantification of targeted molecules in living cells and in vivo.
NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH have distinct functions in metabolic and redox regulation, and thus, a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic and redox states must be multiplexed with a combination of various metabolite sensors in a single cell. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 213-229.
除了作为生物体内氧化还原货币的作用外，吡啶二核苷酸（NAD/NADH 和 NADP/NADPH）还是各种生理和病理过程中具有重要意义的前体或辅助底物。
多年来，开发用于原位或活体监测吡啶二核苷酸的方法具有挑战性。基于荧光蛋白的传感器的最新进展为单个细胞或活体中吡啶二核苷酸动力学提供了快速、敏感、特异和实时的读数，从而开启了吡啶二核苷酸生物成像的新时代。在本文中，我们总结了用于 NAD/NADH 和 NADP/NADPH 氧化还原状态的遗传编码荧光传感器的发展，以及它们在生命科学和药物发现中的应用。还讨论了各个传感器的优缺点。
这些传感器具有特异性和细胞器靶向性的优点，能够实时监测活细胞和体内目标分子，并进行亚细胞水平的定量。
NAD/NADH 和 NADP/NADPH 在代谢和氧化还原调节中具有不同的功能，因此，必须将各种代谢物传感器组合在单个细胞中，以进行代谢和氧化还原状态的综合评估。抗氧化。氧化还原信号。28,213-229。
