Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Feb 1;613-614:1438-1448. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.133. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Cryptic invasions are defined as the introduction and spread of non-native lineages within the species' native range (intra-specific cryptic invasion) or the invasion of non-native species that goes unnoticed due to misidentification as a native or another invasive species (inter-specific cryptic invasion). While population-specific attributes are acknowledged to play a critical role in the success and impact of biological invasions in general, our knowledge of the causes and consequences of cryptic invasions is largely neglected. Cryptic invasions are inherently difficult to recognize and, despite being likely widespread, often go undetected. In this review, we analyse the sources, mechanisms, and consequences of cryptic invasions. Using a bibliometric survey, we first quantify the relative proportion of study questions, taxa, and geographic regions. We then highlight the value of comparative information from archived specimens in uncovering the occurrence and timing of cryptic invasions. We examine the mechanisms of cryptic invasions and emphasise the role of anthropogenic environmental changes on the arrival of cryptic invaders. We then discuss the role of interspecific biological interactions in the success of cryptic invasions and the role of hybridization between native and non-native lineages in cryptic invasions. We examine the competitive advantage of some invasive lineages in key physiological, ecological or sexually-selected traits. We argue that cryptic invasions, often undetected, may trigger subsequent rapid range expansions. We suggest that cryptic invasions are much more common than currently acknowledged. We highlight the role of coevolved associations (host-parasite, mutualism, herbivory), inherently population-specific, in the impacts of cryptic invasions on local communities. Finally, we outline a framework to manage intraspecific cryptic invasions.
隐生入侵被定义为非本地谱系在物种本地范围内的引入和传播（种内隐生入侵），或者由于被错误识别为本地或其他入侵物种而未被注意到的非本地物种的入侵（种间隐生入侵）。虽然人们承认种群特有的属性在生物入侵的成功和影响中起着关键作用，但我们对隐生入侵的原因和后果的了解在很大程度上被忽视了。隐生入侵很难被识别，而且尽管它们可能广泛存在，但往往未被发现。在这篇综述中，我们分析了隐生入侵的来源、机制和后果。我们首先使用文献计量调查来量化研究问题、分类群和地理区域的相对比例。然后，我们强调了从存档标本中获取比较信息以揭示隐生入侵发生和时间的价值。我们研究了隐生入侵的机制，并强调了人为环境变化对隐生入侵者到达的作用。然后，我们讨论了种间生物相互作用在隐生入侵成功中的作用以及本地和非本地谱系之间杂交在隐生入侵中的作用。我们研究了一些入侵谱系在关键生理、生态或性选择特征方面的竞争优势。我们认为，隐生入侵往往未被发现，可能会引发随后的快速范围扩张。我们认为，隐生入侵比目前公认的要普遍得多。我们强调了共同进化的联系（宿主-寄生虫、共生、食草）在隐生入侵对当地社区的影响中的作用，这些联系是种群特有的。最后，我们概述了一个管理种内隐生入侵的框架。
