Syed Shariful A, Nemeroff Charles B
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks). 2017 Feb;1. doi: 10.1177/2470547017694461. Epub 2017 Apr 10.
Early life stress has been shown to exert profound short- and long-term effects on human physiology both in the central nervous system and peripherally. Early life stress has demonstrated clear association with many psychiatric disorders including major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistics Manuel of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic categorical system has served as a necessary framework for clinical service, delivery, and research, however has not been completely matching the neurobiological research perspective. Early life stress presents a complex dynamic featuring a wide spectrum of physiologic alterations: from epigenetic alterations, inflammatory changes, to dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary axis and has further added to the challenge of identifying biomarkers associated with psychiatric disorders. The National Institute of Mental Health's proposed Research Domain Criteria initiative incorporates a dimensional approach to assess discrete domains and constructs of behavioral function that are subserved by identifiable neural circuits. The current neurobiology of early life stress is reviewed in accordance with dimensional organization of Research Domain Criteria matrix and how the findings as a whole fit within the Research Domain Criteria frameworks.
早年生活应激已被证明会对人类中枢神经系统和外周的生理机能产生深远的短期和长期影响。早年生活应激已显示出与许多精神疾病有明确关联，包括重度抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍和双相情感障碍。《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）诊断分类系统一直是临床服务、提供和研究的必要框架，然而，它并未完全与神经生物学研究视角相匹配。早年生活应激呈现出一种复杂的动态变化，其生理改变范围广泛：从表观遗传改变、炎症变化到下丘脑 - 垂体轴失调，这进一步增加了识别与精神疾病相关生物标志物的挑战。美国国立精神卫生研究所提出的研究领域标准倡议采用维度方法来评估由可识别神经回路支持的行为功能的离散领域和结构。本文根据研究领域标准矩阵的维度组织，对当前早年生活应激的神经生物学进行了综述，并探讨了这些研究结果如何整体契合研究领域标准框架。
