Hall T R, Harvey S, Chadwick A
Gen Pharmacol. 1985;16(5):483-8. doi: 10.1016/0306-3623(85)90008-4.
Pituitary glands and hypothalami from broiler fowl heads were incubated alone or together with histamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or acetylcholine (ACh) as well as with catecholamines or neurotransmitter antagonists. Histamine and ACh stimulated, whereas GABA inhibited, the hypothalamus-induced release of prolactin, responses blocked by their specific antagonists. The dopamine antagonist pimozide, but not adrenergic (both alpha and beta), serotoninergic or cholinergic antagonists, prevented the actions of histamine and GABA. None of the antagonists except the cholinergic blocker, atropine, affected ACh-induced release of prolactin. Neither histamine nor ACh prevented inhibition of prolactin release by dopamine or stimulation of prolactin release by noradrenaline. GABA did not affect the response to noradrenaline. Furthermore, histamine, GABA and ACh had no effects on thyrotrophin releasing hormone-stimulated release of prolactin directly at the pituitary level. These results suggest that histamine and GABA affect prolactin release from chicken pituitaries in vivo by modifying the activity of the dopaminergic system. Acetylcholine may stimulate the secretion of prolactin releasing factor from the hypothalamus.
将来自肉鸡头部的垂体和下丘脑单独或与组胺、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）或乙酰胆碱（ACh）以及儿茶酚胺或神经递质拮抗剂一起孵育。组胺和ACh刺激下丘脑诱导的催乳素释放，而GABA抑制该释放，其特异性拮抗剂可阻断这些反应。多巴胺拮抗剂匹莫齐特可阻断组胺和GABA的作用，但肾上腺素能（α和β）、5-羟色胺能或胆碱能拮抗剂则不能。除胆碱能阻滞剂阿托品外，其他拮抗剂均不影响ACh诱导的催乳素释放。组胺和ACh均不能阻止多巴胺对催乳素释放的抑制作用或去甲肾上腺素对催乳素释放的刺激作用。GABA不影响对去甲肾上腺素的反应。此外，组胺、GABA和ACh在垂体水平直接对促甲状腺激素释放激素刺激的催乳素释放没有影响。这些结果表明，组胺和GABA通过改变多巴胺能系统的活性来影响鸡垂体中催乳素的释放。乙酰胆碱可能刺激下丘脑催乳素释放因子的分泌。
