Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan.
The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 26;7(1):4240. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01934-7.
Plant viruses have important global impacts on crops, and identifying their centre and date of emergence is important for planning control measures. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae and is a major worldwide pathogen of brassica crops. For two decades, we have collected TuMV isolates, mostly from brassicas, in Turkey and neighbouring countries. This region is thought to be the centre of emergence of this virus. We determined the genomic sequences of 179 of these isolates and used these to estimate the timescale of the spread of this virus. Our Bayesian coalescent analyses used synonymous sites from a total of 417 novel and published whole-genome sequences. We conclude that TuMV probably originated from a virus of wild orchids in Germany and, while adapting to wild and domestic brassicas, spread via Southern Europe to Asia Minor no more than 700 years ago. The population of basal-B group TuMVs in Asia Minor is older than all other populations of this virus, including a newly discovered population in Iran. The timescale of the spread of TuMV correlates well with the establishment of agriculture in these countries.
植物病毒对农作物具有重要的全球性影响，确定其中心和起源日期对于规划控制措施非常重要。芜菁花叶病毒（TuMV）是马铃薯 Y 病毒科马铃薯 Y 病毒属的成员，是一种广泛存在于十字花科作物的主要病原体。二十年来，我们一直在土耳其及其邻国收集该病毒的分离株，主要来自十字花科植物。该地区被认为是该病毒的起源中心。我们测定了 179 个分离株的基因组序列，并利用这些序列来估计该病毒传播的时间尺度。我们的贝叶斯合并分析使用了来自总共 417 个新的和已发表的全基因组序列的同义位点。我们的结论是，TuMV 可能起源于德国的一种野生兰花病毒，在适应野生和家养的十字花科植物的过程中，它通过南欧传播到小亚细亚，时间不超过 700 年前。小亚细亚的基础 B 组 TuMV 种群比该病毒的所有其他种群都要古老，包括在伊朗新发现的种群。TuMV 的传播时间尺度与这些国家农业的建立密切相关。
