Flueck Joelle L
Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Center Nottwil;
J Vis Exp. 2017 Jun 8(124):55485. doi: 10.3791/55485.
Reliable exercise protocols are required to test changes in exercise performance in elite athletes. Performance improvements in these athletes may be small; therefore, sensitive tools are fundamental to exercise physiology. There are currently many exercise tests that allow for the examination of exercise capacity in able-bodied athletes, with protocols mainly for lower-body or whole-body exercise. There is a trend to test athletes in a sport-specific setting that closely resembles the actions that the participants are used to performing. Only a few protocols test short-term, high-intensity exercise capacity in participants with an impairment of the lower body. Most of these protocols are very sport-specific and are not applicable to a wide range of athletes. One well-known test protocol is the 30 s Wingate test, which is well-established in cycling and in arm crank exercise testing. This test analyzes high-intensity exercise performance over a 30 s time duration. In order to monitor exercise performance over a longer duration, a different method was modified for application to the upper body. The 3 min, all-out arm crank ergometer test allows athletes to be tested in a manner specific to 1,500 m wheelchair racing (in terms of exercise duration), as well as to upper body exercises such as rowing or hand-cycling. In order to increase the reliability with identical test conditions, it is crucial to precisely replicate settings such as the resistance (i.e., torque factor) and the position of the participants (i.e., the height of the crank, the distance between the crank and the participant, and the fixation of the participant). Another important issue concerns the beginning of the exercise test. Fixed revolutions per minute are required to standardize the test conditions for the start of the exercise test. This exercise protocol shows the importance of accurate operations to reproduce identical test conditions and settings.
需要可靠的运动方案来测试精英运动员运动表现的变化。这些运动员的表现提升可能很小；因此，灵敏的工具对运动生理学至关重要。目前有许多运动测试可用于检查健全运动员的运动能力，其方案主要针对下半身或全身运动。有一种趋势是在与参与者习惯执行的动作非常相似的特定运动环境中测试运动员。只有少数方案测试下半身受损参与者的短期高强度运动能力。这些方案大多非常针对特定运动，不适用于广泛的运动员。一个著名的测试方案是30秒温盖特测试，它在自行车运动和手臂曲柄运动测试中已得到充分确立。该测试分析30秒内的高强度运动表现。为了在更长时间段内监测运动表现，对一种不同的方法进行了修改以应用于上半身。3分钟全力手臂曲柄测力计测试允许以特定于1500米轮椅比赛的方式（就运动持续时间而言）以及针对划船或手摇自行车等上半身运动来测试运动员。为了在相同测试条件下提高可靠性，精确复制诸如阻力（即扭矩系数）和参与者位置（即曲柄高度、曲柄与参与者之间的距离以及参与者的固定方式）等设置至关重要。另一个重要问题涉及运动测试的开始。需要固定的每分钟转数来标准化运动测试开始时的测试条件。这个运动方案显示了准确操作以重现相同测试条件和设置的重要性。
