Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 15;605-606:66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.143. Epub 2017 Jun 24.
Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Ni were analyzed during rainy and dry seasons in water, sediment, soil, and two fish species. The analysis took place at four points in the Xingu River, one point in the Fresco River, and two mining pits in the southeastern area of the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. In the water, the total concentration of As (>0.14μg/L) was higher than the local reference values at all sampling points and in both seasons. Ordination analysis (PCA) highlighted As and Cu elements in the water. PERMANOVA showed that the metals behaved differently in the water throughout the monitored season and between sampling points. The sites with mining activity were the regions that were the most contaminated by metals. Samples of sediment (Ni>18mg/kg and Cr>37.30mg/kg) and soil (Pb>72mg/kg, Cr>75mg/kg and Ni>30mg/Kg) showed concentrations above the recommended by local legislation. Metal values in the muscle of both fish species were relatively low at all sampling points and in both monitored seasons. Concentrations in water, sediment, and soil showed that some points of the Xingu River, Fresco River and mining pits are contaminated by trace elements, mainly As, Hg, Cr, Pb, and Ni. This was the first study about trace elements in the Middle Xingu River, which leads us to conclude that rainfall and cassiterite mining activities strongly influence the mobilization of metals, especially in abiotic compartments. However, the fish analyzed did not exhibit relevant levels of contamination. This indicates low risk for human consumption. Additionally, results highlight the need to establish local criteria to define contamination limits for different metals while taking into account local geochemistry particularities and biome diversity.
在雨季和旱季，对欣古河、弗雷斯科河的四个点以及巴西亚马逊东部地区东南部的两个采矿坑中的水、沉积物、土壤和两种鱼类中的 As、Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb、Hg 和 Ni 浓度进行了分析。在水中，所有采样点和两个季节的总砷浓度（>0.14μg/L）均高于当地参考值。排序分析（PCA）突出了水中的 As 和 Cu 元素。PERMANOVA 表明，在整个监测季节和采样点之间，金属在水中的行为不同。有采矿活动的地点是受金属污染最严重的地区。沉积物（Ni>18mg/kg 和 Cr>37.30mg/kg）和土壤（Pb>72mg/kg、Cr>75mg/kg 和 Ni>30mg/kg）样本的浓度均高于当地立法规定的水平。在所有采样点和两个监测季节，两种鱼类肌肉中的金属值均相对较低。水、沉积物和土壤中的浓度表明，欣古河、弗雷斯科河和采矿坑的一些点受到微量元素的污染，主要是 As、Hg、Cr、Pb 和 Ni。这是欣古河中段微量元素的首次研究，研究结果表明，降雨和锡矿开采活动强烈影响金属的迁移，尤其是在非生物区。然而，所分析的鱼类并未表现出相关的污染水平。这表明对人类食用的风险较低。此外，研究结果强调需要建立地方标准，以确定不同金属的污染限值，同时考虑到当地地球化学的特殊性和生物多样性。
