Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS).
Eur J Public Health. 2017 Oct 1;27(5):912-920. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx085.
Nudging refers to interventions that organize the choice architecture in order to alter people's behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives. As a strategy to encourage healthy behaviour, nudging can serve as a complement to health education. However, the empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of nudging as a way to influence food choice remains contradictory. To address this issue, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to test the effects of nudging to encourage people to select more fruit and vegetables.
A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, Cochrane library, Scopus and Google Scholar. After quality assessment, 20 articles (23 studies) were retained for narrative synthesis. Twelve articles (14 studies) contained enough information to calculate effect-sizes for meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software.
The meta-analysis shows that nudging interventions that aim to increase fruit and/or vegetable choice/sales/servings have a moderately significant effect (d = 0.30), with the largest effect for altering placement (d = 0.39) and combined nudges (d = 0.28).
The results of this review provide an indication of the effectiveness of nudging on fruit and vegetable choice in terms of actual effect-sizes, while also highlighting the problems that must be addressed before more definitive conclusions can be drawn.
“推动”是指通过组织选择架构来改变人们的行为，以可预测的方式进行，而不会禁止任何选项或显著改变他们的经济激励。作为一种鼓励健康行为的策略，推动可以作为健康教育的补充。然而，关于推动作为影响食物选择的方法的有效性的实证证据仍然存在矛盾。为了解决这个问题，进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以测试推动人们选择更多水果和蔬菜的效果。
在 PubMed、Medline、PsycInfo、Cochrane 图书馆、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 上进行了系统的文献检索。经过质量评估，保留了 20 篇文章（23 项研究）进行叙述性综合。12 篇文章（14 项研究）包含足够的信息，可使用 Comprehensive Meta-analysis 软件计算荟萃分析的效应量。
荟萃分析表明，旨在增加水果和/或蔬菜选择/销售/份量的推动干预措施具有中等显著效果（d = 0.30），改变放置位置的效果最大（d = 0.39）和联合推动（d = 0.28）。
本综述的结果提供了关于推动对水果和蔬菜选择的有效性的指示，就实际效应量而言，同时也突出了在得出更明确的结论之前必须解决的问题。
