Al-Saud Loulwa M, Mushtaq Faisal, Mirghani Isra'a, Balkhoyor Ahmed, Keeling Andrew, Manogue Michael, Mon-Williams Mark A
School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2017 Jul;37(4):498-506. doi: 10.1111/opo.12393.
One suggested advantage of human binocular vision is the facilitation of sophisticated motor control behaviours via stereopsis - but little empirical evidence exists to support this suggestion. We examined the functional significance of stereopsis by exploring whether stereopsis is used to perform a highly skilled real-world motor task essential for the occupational practice of dentistry.
We used a high fidelity virtual reality simulator to study how dentists' performance is affected by the removal of horizontal retinal image disparities under direct and indirect (mirror) observation. Thirteen qualified dentists performed a total of four different dental tasks under non-stereoscopic and stereoscopic vision conditions, with two levels of task complexity (direct and indirect observation) using a virtual reality dental simulator.
Depth related errors were significantly higher under non-stereoscopic viewing but lateral errors did not differ between conditions. Indirect observation led to participants drilling less of the target area compared to direct viewing, but this did not interact with the stereopsis manipulation.
The data confirm that dental practitioners use stereopsis and its presence results in improved dental performance. It remains to be determined whether individuals with stereo-deficits can compensate adequately. Nevertheless, these findings suggest an important role for stereopsis within at least one occupation and justify the design of simulators with 3D displays.
人类双眼视觉的一个潜在优势是通过立体视觉促进复杂的运动控制行为——但几乎没有实证证据支持这一观点。我们通过探究立体视觉是否用于执行牙科职业实践中一项至关重要的高技能现实世界运动任务，来研究立体视觉的功能意义。
我们使用了一个高保真虚拟现实模拟器，以研究在直接和间接（镜像）观察下，去除水平视网膜图像视差如何影响牙医的操作表现。13名合格的牙医使用虚拟现实牙科模拟器，在非立体视觉和立体视觉条件下总共执行了四项不同的牙科任务，有两种任务复杂程度（直接和间接观察）。
在非立体视觉观察下，与深度相关的误差显著更高，但不同条件下横向误差没有差异。与直接观察相比，间接观察导致参与者对目标区域的钻孔更少，但这与立体视觉操作没有相互作用。
数据证实牙科从业者使用立体视觉，并且其存在会提高牙科操作表现。立体视觉缺陷个体是否能充分补偿仍有待确定。然而，这些发现表明立体视觉在至少一种职业中起着重要作用，并证明了具有3D显示的模拟器的设计合理性。
