Xiao Xin, Huang Huiyao, Luo Yan, Luo Wuqiang, Li Lili, Lin Enwei, Kong Min, Chen Qi
Visual Science and Optometry Center of Guangxi, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Jul 7;12:1562041. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1562041. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to investigate the distribution of stereoacuity and its ocular-associated factors in children aged 3-7 years in Guangxi, Southwest China.
This cross-sectional study recruited 4,090 children aged 3-7 years (mean: 5.12 ± 0.95 years) from 12 randomly selected kindergartens via cluster sampling in Nanning City, Guangxi, Southwest China. Comprehensive ocular assessments included visual acuity assessment, cover/uncover and alternating cover tests, anterior segment examination, fundus examination, the Titmus stereo test, and cycloplegic autorefraction. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with subnormal stereoacuity (>40 arcsec).
The prevalence rates of anisometropia, astigmatism, and strabismus were 18.24, 26.11, and 0.20%, respectively. The mean stereoacuity was 1.88 ± 0.34 log units (median: 60.25 arcsec), with the majority (65.18%) having subnormal stereoacuity. The mean log units of stereoacuity decreased with age ( = 144.7, < 0.001). Compared to girls, boys had a significantly greater mean log unit stereoacuity (1.90 ± 0.35 vs. 1.87 ± 0.34, = 2.589, = 0.010). In the multivariate logistic regression, older age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.040-0.461 for years 4-7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.018-0.613 for years 4-7, all < 0.001) and girls (OR = 0.672, 95% CI: 0.584-0.772, < 0.001) were protective factors, whereas interocular acuity difference [IAD] (OR = 6.906, 95% CI: 3.133-16.01, < 0.001), mean LogMAR acuity (OR = 11.491, 95% CI: 6.065-22.153, < 0.001), mean cylindrical error [CYLmean] (OR = 1.201, 95% CI: 1.055-1.365, = 0.005), and anisometropia (OR = 1.452, 95% CI: 1.202-1.760, < 0.001) were risk factors for subnormal stereoacuity.
Ocular factors, including higher IAD, worse acuity, greater astigmatism, and greater anisometropia, were identified as risk factors for subnormal stereoacuity, highlighting the importance and urgency of early screening for stereoacuity and ocular risk factors in children aged 3-7 years in Guangxi.
本研究旨在调查中国西南部广西地区3至7岁儿童的立体视锐度分布及其眼部相关因素。
本横断面研究通过整群抽样，从广西南宁市随机选取的12所幼儿园招募了4090名3至7岁儿童（平均年龄：5.12±0.95岁）。全面的眼部评估包括视力评估、遮盖/去遮盖和交替遮盖试验、眼前节检查、眼底检查、Titmus立体视测试以及睫状肌麻痹验光。使用单因素和多因素逻辑回归模型确定与立体视锐度低于正常（>40角秒）相关的因素。
屈光参差、散光和斜视的患病率分别为18.24%、26.11%和0.20%。平均立体视锐度为1.88±0.34对数单位（中位数：60.25角秒），大多数（65.18%）儿童的立体视锐度低于正常。立体视锐度的平均对数单位随年龄增长而降低（F=144.7，P<0.001）。与女孩相比，男孩平均立体视锐度对数单位显著更高（1.90±0.35对1.87±0.34，t=2.589，P=0.010）。在多因素逻辑回归中，年龄较大（4至7岁的比值比[OR]：0.040 - 0.461，4至7岁的95%置信区间[CI]：0.018 - 0.613，均P<0.001）和女孩（OR = 0.672，95% CI：0.584 - 0.772，P<0.001）是保护因素，而双眼视力差异[IAD]（OR = 6.906，95% CI：3.133 - 16.01，P<0.001）、平均LogMAR视力（OR = 11.491，95% CI：6.065 - 22.153，P<0.001）、平均柱镜度数[CYLmean]（OR = 1.201，95% CI：1.055 - 1.365，P = 0.005）和屈光参差（OR = 1.452，95% CI：1.202 - 1.760，P<0.001）是立体视锐度低于正常的危险因素。
眼部因素，包括较高的IAD、较差的视力、较大的散光和较大的屈光参差，被确定为立体视锐度低于正常的危险因素，凸显了广西3至7岁儿童早期筛查立体视锐度和眼部危险因素的重要性和紧迫性。
