a Department of Psychology , Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA.
b Department of Psychology , The Ohio State University Newark Campus , Newark , OH , USA.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2018 Jan;32(1):109-118. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1346145. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
Making diagnostic and accommodation decisions for potential Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is difficult, as the assessor often relies more on self-reported symptoms and functional disability than in childhood evaluations. Malingering of ADHD occurs frequently in the educational setting and for a variety of reasons, including the potential benefits of access to stimulant medications and academic accommodations.
The present study utilized a simulation design to examine the potential for malingering of self-reported functional disability on the World Health Organization Disability Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS). Participants were 167 students from two Midwestern universities. Thirty-six self-reported a previous diagnosis of ADHD, and the remaining 131 students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: best effort, malingering for the purpose of receiving stimulant medication, or malingering for the purpose of receiving extra time accommodations.
Individuals in both malingering groups reported higher levels of disability on all domains of the WHODAS compared to healthy controls and individuals with ADHD. There were no significant differences between malingering groups.
Results suggest the WHODAS is susceptible to non-credible responses and should not be relied upon solely as a measure of disability in the context of ADHD evaluations.
在评估成年人潜在的注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）时，做出诊断和适应决策是困难的，因为评估者通常更多地依赖于自我报告的症状和功能障碍，而不是在儿童评估中。在教育环境中，由于获得兴奋剂药物和学术适应的潜在好处等各种原因，ADHD 常常会出现伪装现象。
本研究采用模拟设计来检验世界卫生组织残疾量表 2.0（WHODAS）上自我报告的功能障碍伪装的可能性。参与者是来自两所中西部大学的 167 名学生。其中 36 名自我报告曾被诊断为 ADHD，其余 131 名学生被随机分配到以下三种条件之一：最佳努力、为获得兴奋剂药物而伪装、或为获得额外时间适应而伪装。
与健康对照组和 ADHD 患者相比，伪装组的所有 WHODAS 领域的残疾水平都更高。伪装组之间没有显著差异。
结果表明 WHODAS 容易受到不可信的反应影响，因此不应仅将其作为 ADHD 评估背景下残疾的衡量标准。
