Giriyan Sujata S, Agrawal Akanksha, Bajpai Richa, Nirala Niraj Kumar
Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
Postgraduate Resident, Department of Pathology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 May;11(5):EC40-EC42. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/26772.9893. Epub 2017 May 1.
Landsteiner ABO system of blood groups is most important for transfusion medicine and has subtypes of A Antigen, A1 and A2, upon which further groups of A and AB have been classified. Of individuals with A antigen, approximately 20% belong to A2 while rest 80% belong to A1. Anti-A1 Lectin, a cold agglutinin which destroys A1 cells is clinically significant when they react at 37°C, causing transfusion reactions.
To assess the prevalence of A1 and A2 subgroups in the population.
This was two year retrospective analysis of blood groups of donors coming to the blood bank of Karnataka Institute of Medical Science, Hubli, Karnataka, India. The data of the subgroups A and AB was analysed.
20,864 donors were analysed. Of 5466 (26.20%) of A group, 5406 (98.90%) belonged to A1 subgroup and only 60 (1.10%) belonged to A2 subgroup. Of 1708 donors with blood group AB, 1532 (89.70%) belonged to A1B subgroup and 176 (10.30%) belonged to A2B. It was noted that A2 in AB blood-group, as A2B, was more frequent in occurrence than presence of A2 as an A blood group. Rhesus negative frequency in these subgroups was also reported.
Having known the prevalence of A1 and A2 subgroups and incorporating them into the ABO grouping system can limit these minor, yet dangerous, transfusion incompatibilities.
兰德施泰纳ABO血型系统对输血医学最为重要，A抗原存在A1和A2亚型，在此基础上进一步划分出了A和AB血型的其他类别。在具有A抗原的个体中，约20%属于A2型，其余80%属于A1型。抗A1凝集素是一种冷凝集素，可破坏A1细胞，当它们在37°C发生反应时具有临床意义，会导致输血反应。
评估人群中A1和A2亚型的流行情况。
这是一项对印度卡纳塔克邦胡布利市卡纳塔克医学科学研究所血库供血者血型进行的为期两年的回顾性分析。分析了A和AB亚型的数据。
共分析了20864名供血者。在5466名（26.20%）A型供血者中，5406名（98.90%）属于A1亚型，仅60名（1.10%）属于A2亚型。在1708名AB型供血者中，1532名（89.70%）属于A1B亚型，176名（10.30%）属于A2B亚型。值得注意的是，AB血型中的A2（即A2B）比A型中的A2出现频率更高。还报告了这些亚型中Rh阴性的频率。
了解A1和A2亚型的流行情况并将其纳入ABO血型分组系统，可以减少这些虽小但危险的输血不相容情况。
