Reid L D
Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Nov;42(5 Suppl):1099-132. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/42.5.1099.
Considerable work across the last 10 yr has implicated the endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of ingestion. The opioid antagonists, such as naloxone and naltrexone, reduce intake of water, flavored water, and food. Naloxone's effects are pharmacologically specific, ie, its effects are dose-related and stereoselective. Further, a variety of antagonists produce similar effects. A primary site of action of naloxone, with respect to intake, is in the central nervous system. Naloxone's effects are also behaviorally specific, ie, its effects seem particularly related to palatability functions. The effects of opioid agonists, in small doses, enhance intake of some nutrients, but these effects are not opposite those of the antagonists. Benzodiazepines enhance drinking and eating and apparently interact with opioid systems. These observations combine with those directly measuring features of the endogenous opioid peptides to support a conclusion that opioid peptides are part of a system for regulating ingestion.
过去10年里的大量研究表明，内源性阿片肽参与了摄食调节。阿片类拮抗剂，如纳洛酮和纳曲酮，会减少水、加味水和食物的摄入量。纳洛酮的作用具有药理学特异性，即其作用与剂量相关且具有立体选择性。此外，多种拮抗剂会产生类似的效果。就摄入量而言，纳洛酮的主要作用部位在中枢神经系统。纳洛酮的作用在行为上也具有特异性，即其作用似乎与适口性功能特别相关。小剂量阿片类激动剂会增加某些营养素的摄入量，但这些作用与拮抗剂的作用并非相反。苯二氮卓类药物会增加饮水和进食量，且显然与阿片系统相互作用。这些观察结果与直接测量内源性阿片肽特征的结果相结合，支持了阿片肽是摄食调节系统一部分的结论。
