儿童听力保健服务可及性的差异。
Disparities in access to pediatric hearing health care.
作者信息
Bush Matthew L, Kaufman Michael R, McNulty Beth N
机构信息
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 Oct;25(5):359-364. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000388.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There are significant disparities in care facing children with hearing loss. The objective of this review is to assess the current disparities in pediatric hearing healthcare delivery, describe the barriers of efficient and effective pediatric hearing health care, and explore the innovations to improve pediatric hearing healthcare delivery.
RECENT FINDINGS
Children with hearing loss from certain geographic regions or ethnic background are significantly delayed in diagnosis and treatment. Multiple patient characteristics (presentation of hearing loss), parental factors (insurance status, socioeconomic status, educational status, and travel distance to providers), and provider barriers (specialist shortage and primary care provider challenges) prevent the delivery of timely hearing health care. Advances, such as improved screening programs and the expansion of care through remote services, may help to ameliorate these disparities.
SUMMARY
Timely identification and treatment of pediatric hearing loss is critical to prevent lifelong language complications. Children from vulnerable populations, such as rural residents, face significant disparities in care. Careful assessment of these barriers and implementation of culturally acceptable interventions are paramount to maximize communication outcomes of children with hearing loss.
综述目的
听力损失儿童在医疗护理上面临显著差异。本综述的目的是评估当前儿科听力保健服务中的差异，描述高效且有效的儿科听力保健的障碍，并探索改善儿科听力保健服务的创新方法。
最新发现
来自某些地理区域或具有特定种族背景的听力损失儿童在诊断和治疗方面存在显著延迟。多种患者特征（听力损失表现）、家长因素（保险状况、社会经济地位、教育程度以及到医疗服务提供者的距离）和医疗服务提供者障碍（专科医生短缺以及初级保健提供者面临的挑战）阻碍了及时的听力保健服务。诸如改进筛查项目以及通过远程服务扩大护理范围等进展，可能有助于改善这些差异。
总结
及时识别和治疗儿科听力损失对于预防终身语言并发症至关重要。来自弱势群体（如农村居民）的儿童在医疗护理上面临显著差异。仔细评估这些障碍并实施文化上可接受的干预措施对于最大化听力损失儿童的沟通效果至关重要。
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